Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines containing the Urabe strain of mumps were withdrawn in the United Kingdom in 1992 following demonstration of an increased risk of aseptic meningitis 15-35 days after vaccination. Following introduction of a replacement MMR vaccine (Priorix; GlaxoSmithKline, London, United Kingdom) in 1998, active surveillance of aseptic meningitis and convulsion was establis...

Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common bleeding disorder of childhood. Seventy percent of cases of acute ITP occur following viral illness. 1 Classically these infections include rubella, varicella, measles, and the Epstein-Barr virus.2 Acute ITP has also been reported after vaccination against poliomyelitis,3 measles,4-6 and rubella,7 (including combined measles-mum...

A CAUSAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MEASLES: mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was confirmed using immunisation/hospital admission record linkage. The absolute risk within six weeks of immunisation was 1 in 22 300 doses, with two of every three cases occurring in the six week post-immunisation period being caused by MMR. Children with ITP before MMR had no vacci...

A suggested association between certain childhood vaccines and autism has been one of the most contentious vaccine safety controversies in recent years. Despite compelling scientific evidence against a causal association, many parents and parent advocacy groups continue to suspect that vaccines, particularly measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs), can caus...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Emphasizing societal benefits of vaccines has been linked to increased vaccination intentions in adults. It is unclear if this pattern holds for parents deciding whether to vaccinate their children. The objective was to determine whether emphasizing the benefits of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination directly to the vaccine recipient or to society differentially imp...

In Belgium, children are immunized against measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) in a two-dose schedule at the age of 15 months and 11 years. Despite these recommendations, epidemics of mumps still occur. During an outbreak of mumps in Bruges (Belgium), 105 cases were registered in seven schools (age group 3-12 years). Lower than optimal vaccination coverage, inadequate vaccination schedule and a combina...

background rubella is a viral disease with a worldwide distribution. mass vaccination campaigns have increased the vaccine coverage in the world with substantial impact on reduction of rubella infections. in iran, the national measles-rubella campaign, targeting individuals 5-25 years old, was initiated in 2003 and mass childhood vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps has continued ever...

Introduction Rubella immunisation was introduced in the UK in 1970 with the aim of preventing congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) by the selective vaccination of schoolgirls and susceptible adult women. An augmented immunisation policy, aimed at eliminating circulating rubella by the mass vaccination of children of both sexes, was adopted in October 1988 with the introduction of the combined meas...

Many reports associating uveitis after vaccination have been reported, including 2 cases after measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. We report the case of a 12-month-old girl who developed a unilateral anterior uveitis with rubeosis and cataract 3 months after an MMR vaccination at 9 months of age. Aqueous humor analysis showed the presence of more rubella-specific immunoglobulin G in the ...

BACKGROUND Probiotics have been shown to be immunomodulatory and can affect antibody responses following vaccination. Several immunisations are associated with suboptimal seroconversion rates leaving a substantial part of the population exposed to infection. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of probiotic supplementation on the immune response of infants following mumps, measles, rubella an...