introduction one of the important events that usually occur in seas and large water bodies’ concurrent with the change of season is the growth and species increase of phytoplankton. in the natural environment, this event does not result in imbalances of water ecosystems. however, pollution caused by human activities results in excessive growth and reproduction of phytoplankton and other opportu...

  Background: Ultrasmallsuperparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles are used as blood pool contrast agent for magnetic resonance angiography and perfusion imaging. Our aim in this study was to investigate the effect of the two coating types of iron oxide nanoparticles on the relationship between nanoparticles concentration and signal intensity (SI) in T1-weighted MR images.   Methods : D...

Background: Paralympic powerlifting (PP) is performed on a bench press, aiming to lift as much weight possible in single repetition. Purpose: To evaluate thermal asymmetry and dynamic force parameters with 45 80% 1 Repetition Maximum (1 RM) PP athletes. Methods: Twelve elite male athletes were evaluated before after training session regarding skin temperature (thermography) indicators (Average ...

This paper presents the T-S fuzzy maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control for wind energy conversion systems. First, the T-S fuzzy model-based MPPT controller is developed to directly regulate the DC rectified voltage of the generator to the maximum power point voltage. The asymptotic MPPT control is guaranteed without measuring the wind speed and searching the maximum power point. Next, th...

Pathways of wind-power input into the ocean general circulation are analyzed using Ekman theory. Direct rates of wind work can be calculated through the wind stress acting on the surface geostrophic flow. However, because that energy is transported laterally in the Ekman layer, the injection into the geostrophic interior is actually controlled by Ekman pumping, with a pattern determined by the ...

Recently, a method has been developed that exploits the correlation properties of the ocean's ambient noise to measure water depth (a passive fathometer) and seabed layering [M. Siderius et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 1315-1323 (2006)]. This processing is based on the cross-correlation between the surface noise and the echo return from the seabed. To quantitatively study the dependency betwee...

In this study we have analysed wind and wave time series data resulting from hourly measurements on the sea surface in Bushehr, the northern part of the Persian Gulf, from 15 July to 4 August 2000. Wind speed (U10) ranged from 0.34 to 10.38 m/s as alternating sea and land breezes. The lowest wind speed occurs at about midnight and the highest at around noon. The calculated autocorrelation of wi...

In recent years, the Indian Ocean (IO) has been discovered to have a much larger impact on climate variability than previously thought. This paper reviews processes in which the IO is, or appears to be, actively involved. We begin the mathematical model with a pattern for summer monsoon winds. Three dimensional temperature and velocity fields are calculated analytically for the ocean forced by ...

In order to enhance the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) speed of solar generators, offline calculated maximum power line (MPL) is often used as a feed-forward signal added to the output of MPPT controller. MPL is nonlinear static electrical characteristic of renewable energy generators connecting all the maximum power points for given temperature. In this letter, electrical side MPL is deri...