The potent frog skin-lightening agent “melatonin” was isolated from pineal tissue and characterized as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine by Lerner, Case, and Takahashi (1). Recently, Axelrod and Weissbach (2), studying the biogenesis of this hormone, have shown it to be the product of a specific methylating enzyme system in the pineal gland which acts on the substrate N-acetylserotonin, a substance ...

For a graph $G$ let $gamma (G)$ be its domination number. We define a graph G to be (i) a hypo-efficient domination graph (or a hypo-$mathcal{ED}$ graph) if $G$ has no efficient dominating set (EDS) but every graph formed by removing a single vertex from $G$ has at least one EDS, and (ii) a hypo-unique domination graph (a hypo-$mathcal{UD}$ graph) if $G$ has at least two minimum dominating sets...

If known, the spectrum of heavy-hadron molecules will be a key tool to disentangle nature exotic states that are being discovered in experiments. Here we argue general features molecular can deduced from idea short-range interaction between heavy hadrons is effectively described by scalar and vector meson exchange, i.e. $\sigma$, $\omega$ $\rho$ mesons. By means contact-range theory where coupl...

Independence and anticonformity are two types of social behaviors known in psychology literature the most studied parameters opinion dynamics model. These responsible for continuous (second-order) discontinuous (first-order) phase transition phenomena. Here, we investigate majority rule model which agents adopt independence behaviors. We define on several graphs: complete graph, two-dimensional...

‎Let $M(X‎, ‎mathcal{A}‎, ‎mu)$ be the ring of real-valued measurable functions‎ ‎on a measure space $(X‎, ‎mathcal{A}‎, ‎mu)$‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we characterize the maximal ideals in the rings of real measurable functions‎ ‎and as a consequence‎, ‎we determine when $M(X‎, ‎mathcal{A}‎, ‎mu)$ is a hereditary ring.

A topoframe, denoted by $L_{ tau}$, is a pair $(L, tau)$ consisting of a frame $L$ and a subframe $ tau $ all of whose elements are complementary elements in$L$. $f$-ring $mathcal{R}(L_{ tau})$ is equal to the set $${fin Frm(mathcal{P}(mathbb R), L): f(mathfrak{O}(mathbb R))subseteq tau} .$$ In this paper, for every complemented element $ain L$ with $a, a'...

let $g$ be a finite group‎. ‎a subgroup‎ ‎$h$ of $g$ is called an $mathcal{h}$-subgroup in‎ ‎$g$ if $n_g(h)cap h^{g}leq h$ for all $gin‎ ‎g$. a subgroup $h$ of $g$ is called a weakly‎ ‎$mathcal{h}^{ast}$-subgroup in $g$ if there exists a‎ ‎subgroup $k$ of $g$ such that $g=hk$ and $hcap‎ ‎k$ is an $mathcal{h}$-subgroup in $g$. we‎ ‎investigate the structure of the finite group $g$ under the‎ ‎as...

Abstract Motivated by the observation of first hidden charm pentaquarks LHCb collaboration in 2015 and updated analysis with an order-of-magnitude larger data set 2019, we estimate their cross sections for prompt production as well heavy quark spin partners, $$\Sigma _c^{(*)}\bar{D}^{(*)}$$ Σ <mm...

It is well-known that the sum of two $z$-ideals in $C(X)$ is either $C(X)$ or a $z$-ideal. The main aim of this paper is to study the sum of strongly $z$-ideals in ${mathcal{R}} L$, the ring of real-valued continuous functions on a frame $L$. For every ideal $I$ in ${mathcal{R}} L$, we introduce the biggest strongly $z$-ideal included in $I$ and the smallest strongly $z$-ideal containing ...