PROBLEM Several pregnancy complications have disparities based on the sex of the fetus. It is unknown whether the sex of the fetus differentially alters the maternal immune milieu, potentially contributing to the observed differences. METHOD OF STUDY Using maternal plasma collected during 38 uncomplicated pregnancies (19 males, 19 females), we compared levels of cytokines, sex hormones, and a...

Cell free fetal DNA (cff DNA) is apoptotic that shed from placenta and flows in maternal blood. This can be used as an indicative biomarker to rule out pregnancy associated complications. The objective of this study investigate the correlation concentration cff with intrauterine deaths. RHD gene (Rh blood group, D antigen) was marker for confirmation GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogen...

NK cells express variable receptors that engage polymorphic MHC class I molecules and regulate their function. Maternal NK cells accumulate at the maternal-fetal interface and can interact with MHC class I molecules from both parents. The relative contribution of the two sets of parental MHC molecules to uterine NK cell function is unknown. Here we show that, in mice, maternal and not paternal ...

Background: Current prenatal diagnosis requires invasive testing which carries a 1-4% procedure-related-risk of miscarriage; hence, non-invasive techniques are desired. The recent demonstration of cell-free-fetal-DNA enriched from maternal plasma has opened new possibilities for non-invasive-prenatal-diagnosis of not only genetic-disorders such as β-thalassaemia and haemophilia but also chromos...

background & aim: mother-infant bonding and interactions after childbirth are shaped by maternal-fetal attachment during pregnancy. although many studies have shown the positive correlation between maternal-fetal attachment and mother-infant attachment behaviors, some controversial studies have shown otherwise. therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation between maternal-fetal attac...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence and consequences of 'misdiagnosed' cases of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). METHODS Chorionicity and referral diagnoses were reviewed in pregnant women with monochorionic twin pregnancies complicated by TTTS treated with fetoscopic laser ablation. 'Misdiagnosed' cases, defined as failure to correctly identify chorionicity and/or to diagnose TTTS prio...

Maternal fetal leakage (FMH) is a well-known cause of anemia. We define it as the transition erythrocytes into maternal circulation. Its severity determined by measuring level hemoglobin in mother's blood using Kleinhauer-Betke test or cytometric method (FCM). The paper presents case newborn with massive maternal-fetal leakage. Kleinhauer result was greater than 5% cells, and initial neonatal 3...

Obesity during pregnancy is considered a high risk state because it is associated with many serious complications jeopardizing maternal and fetal well being. When consulted pre-conceptionaly patients should be informed about the possible complications during pregnancy associated with obesity and strongly encouraged to lose weight prior to conceiving.

Background: It is well documented that fetal DNA can cross the placenta and is present in peripheral maternal blood during pregnancy in human. This fetal DNA also named circulating cell free fetal DNA, has emerged as a valuable source for genetic evaluation. Compared with humans, ovine species have a different structure of placental (synepitheliochorial) with no direct contact between the troph...