Long-term rainfall prediction is a challenging task especially in the modern world where we are facing the major environmental problem of global warming. In general, climate and rainfall are highly non-linear phenomena in nature exhibiting what is known as the "butterfly effect". While some regions of the world are noticing a systematic decrease in annual rainfall, others notice increases in fl...

[1] The Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System is used to predict meteorological conditions that are likely to be encountered by the Mars Exploration Rovers at several proposed landing sites during entry, descent, and landing. Seven areas, five of which contain specific high-priority landing ellipses, are investigated: Hematite (two sites), Isidis Planitia, Elysium Planitia (two sites), Vall...

Domain-specific modeling (DSM) assists subject matter experts in describing the essential characteristics of a problem in their domain. Various software artifacts can be generated from the defined models, including source code, design documentation, and simulation scripts. The typical approach to DSM involves the construction of a metamodel, from which instances are defined that represent speci...

[1] We model the atmospheric response to a chaos‐forming event at Juventae Chasma, north of Valles Marineris, Mars, using the Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS). Interactions between lake‐driven convergence, topography, and the regional wind field steer lake‐induced precipitation to the southwest. Mean snowfall reaches a maximum of 0.9 mm/h water equivalent (peak snowfall 1.7 mm/...

[1] Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the Mars magnetic field topology are presented for the auroral observations reported from the Mars Express SPICAM instrument. It is found that the field lines closest to the assumed emission location are open. That is, they are connected to the interplanetary magnetic field, thus allowing access for solar wind electrons to bombard the upper atmospher...

A study in context with the Helmholtz Alliance ‘Planetary Evolution and Life’ focused on the (temporary) existence of liquid water, and the likelihood that Mars has been or even is a habitable planet. Both geomorphological and mineralogical evidence point to the episodic availability of liquid water at the surface of Mars, and physical modeling and small-scale observations suggest that this is ...

A comparison of several statistical techniques common in species distribution modeling was developed during this study to evaluate and obtain the statistical model most accurate to predict the distribution of different forest tree species (in our case presence/absence data) according environmental variables. During the process we have developed maximum entropy (MaxEnt), classification and regre...

In this paper, we discuss ways to attack various reducedround variants of MARS. We consider cryptanalysis of two reducedround variants of MARS: MARS with the full mixing layers but fewer core rounds, and MARS with each of the four kinds of rounds reduced by the same amount. We develop some new techniques for attacking both of these MARS variants. Our best attacks break MARS with full mixing and...

The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity found host rocks of basaltic composition and alteration assemblages containing clay minerals at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater. On the basis of the observed host rock and alteration minerals, we present results of equilibrium thermochemical modeling of the Sheepbed mudstones of Yellowknife Bay in order to constrain the formation conditions of its second...