Password-based authentication is the most widely used authentication scheme for granting access to user accounts on the Internet. Despite this, there exists no standard implementation of passwords by services. They have different password requirements as well as interfaces and procedures for login, password change, and password reset. This situation is very challenging for users and often leads...

XML documents annotated by different NLP tools accommodate multidimensional markup in a single hierarchy. To query such documents one has to account for different possible nesting structures of the annotations and the original markup of a document. We propose an expressive pattern language with extended semantics of the sequence pattern, supporting negation, permutation and regular patterns tha...

The increasing use of eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is bringing additional challenges to statistical machine translation (SMT) and computer assisted translation (CAT) workflow integration in the translation industry. This paper analyzes the need to handle XML markup as a part of the translation material in a technical domain. It explores different ways of handling such markup by applying tra...

Publishers of biomedical journals increasingly use XML as the underlying document format. We present a modular text-processing pipeline that inserts XML markup into such documents in every processing step, leading to multi-dimensional markup. The markup introduced is used to identify and disambiguate named entities of several semantic types (protein/gene, Gene Ontology terms, drugs and species)...

We present the ABLE document collection, which consists of a set of annotated volumes of the Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). These were developed during our ongoing work on automating the markup of scanned copies of the biodiversity literature. Such automation is required if historic literature is to be used to inform contemporary issues in biodiversity research. We consider a...

Overlapping markup refers to the issue of how to represent data structures more expressive than trees—for example direct acyclic graphs—using markup (meta-)languages which have been designed with trees in mind—for example XML. In this paper we observe that the state of the art in overlapping markup is far from being the widespread and consistent stack of standards and technologies readily avail...

This paper compares the use of three different approaches to transcoding of XML [Extensible Markup Language]-based user interface descriptions to other target formats. The source is the interface section of the XML-based markup language for user interfaces, UIML [User Interface Markup Language], which has been extended with a vocabulary for the description of generic user interfaces. Target for...