Attack and disintegration of concrete structures under the influence of aggressive fluids, wet gases, etc. are understood as corrosion of concrete. The corrosion of concrete is a chemical, colloidchemical process, yet often a physico-chemical one, while that of reinforced concrete supported oil platforms are subjected to marine environment in the Persian Gulf and therefore corroded. In the pres...

The marine environment is estimated to be one of the most significant sources of biological activity in the world. In the last few decades an increase in the research intensity conducted on marine microorganisms has been observed, which confirms the great potential of these organisms in the field of bioactive compounds' production. In order to efficiently use the natural resources of the marine...

Decision-makers in both land and marine related areas of the coastal zone need to access marine related datasets in order to effectively achieve their economic, social and environmental objectives. Therefore, administering the spatial dimension of the marine environment is an important area for research internationally, particularly within the Asia-Pacific region. With this in mind, the Departm...

7 Marine debris produces a wide variety of negative environmental, economic, safety, health and 8 cultural impacts. Most marine litter has a very low decomposition rate (as plastics, which are the 9 most abundant type of marine debris), leading to a gradual, but significant accumulation in the 10 coastal and marine environment. Along that time, marine debris is a significant source of 11 chemic...

A meeting on Marine Biomedical Research, sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health and the Smithsonian Institution Museum of Natural History, was attended by approximately 125 scientists, directors and representatives from many of the country's marine biological laboratories, and government agencies whose interests and responsibi...

The coastal marine environment of Japan is characterized by its high biological productivity, which contributes to generally high fishery yields. However, both the productivity of coastal ecosystems and coastal fisheries are being threatened by substantial changes in the coastal marine environment. This situation is making it increasingly imperative to take an ecosystems approach to management ...

Introduction Conclusions References

Horseshoe crabs use vision to find mates. They can reliably detect objects resembling potential mates under a variety of lighting conditions. To understand how they achieve this remarkable performance, we constructed a cell based realistic model of the lateral eye to compute the ensembles of optic nerve activity ("neural images") it transmits to the brain. The neural images reveal a robust enco...

The predicted future of the global marine environment, as a combined result of forcing due to climate change (e.g. warming and acidification) and other anthropogenic perturbation (e.g. eutrophication), presents a challenge to the sustainability of ecosystems from tropics to high latitudes. Among the various associated phenomena of ecosystem deterioration, hypoxia can cause serious problems in c...

Extensive research in the last decade has defined that most chronic diseases display dysregulation of multiple cell signaling pathways that have been linked to inflammation. Neuroinflammation is reaction of living nervous tissue to injury. It may be initiated in response to neurological disease. Including infection, traumatic brain injury, toxic metabolites and autoimmunity. The natural compoun...