Four cases of acute manic episode (bipolar-l disorder), not responding to oral valproate or other mood stabilizer and neuroleptics were given injection valproate intravenously. Three out of 4 patients showed good response and tolerance to intravenous valporate.

BACKGROUND The current categorical split of mood disorders in bipolar (BP) disorders and depressive disorders has recently been questioned. The presence of a significant number of manic/hypomanic symptoms in patients with recurrent unipolar depression seems to challenge the traditional dichotomy of unipolar-BP disorder. Two highly unstable personality features, i.e., the cyclothymic temperament...

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that is characterized by episodes of mania or hypomania that often alternate with episodes of depression. Bipolar disorder is also referred to as manic-depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder. This potentially disabling mood disorder has a lifetime prevalence of 4% in the US population (Ketter, 2010). According to the National Institute of Mental H...

CONTEXT Children and adolescents who present with manic symptoms frequently do not meet the full DSM-IV criteria for bipolar I disorder (BP-I). OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical presentation and family history of children and adolescents with BP-I, bipolar II disorder (BP-II), and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BP-NOS). DESIGN Subjects and their primary caretaker were assessed by ...

Patients: 148 people aged 18 to 55 years (mean age 39 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, or bipolar I disorder (manic or mixed episode) according to DSM-IV criteria. Main inclusion criteria were: agitated at baseline (as defined by a score of .20 points according to the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component test (PANSS-EC; ...

OBJECTIVES Looking at chart records bipolar disorder is often misdiagnosed as a psychotic disorder but no study has ever systematically looked into the reasons. One reason for misdiagnoses could be that clinicians use heuristics like the prototype approach in routine practice instead of strictly adhering to the diagnostic criteria. Using an experimental approach we investigated if the use of he...

Remission is the primary goal of treatment for bipolar disorder I (BDI). Metabolites of noradrenaline and dopamine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and homovanillic acid (HVA), respectively, are reduced by treatment with antipsychotics, but whether these phenomena are caused by antipsychotics or by the pathophysiology of BDI is not known. Interactions between brain-derived neurotrophic f...