introduction: determining the skeletal age and remaining growth potential of patients are important factors in orthodontic treatment. evaluating cervical vertebrae development is a reliable method for determining skeletal age. this study aimed to evaluate the correlation between dental calcification and stages of skeletal maturation. materials and methods: this descriptive cross-sectional study...

A pier abutment is the lone standing tooth between two critically situated edentulous spaces, in a frequently seen clinical situation, missing first premolar and molar seen, which leads to design where canine second acts as terminal abutments abutment. This fulcrum may lead debonding of less retentive during function, overcome this situation non rigid connector advised. paper presents case repo...

3,3-(Biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)-1-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl-allene, 9, sequentially forms head-to-tail, 12, cis-tail-to-tail, 13, and trans tail-to-tail, 14, 1,2-dialkylidene-cyclobutane dimers, each of which has been characterised by X-ray crystallography. Thermolysis at 180 degrees C yields the dispirotetracene, 15, and di-indenotetracene, 16; the latter compound forms an air-stable Diels-...

A mandibular second premolar with four canals is an interesting example of anatomic variations. This report describes a case of a mandibular second premolar with three roots and four canals (one mesiobuccal, two distobuccal and one lingual). The canals were prepared using K-files and irrigated with NaOCl (5.25%) and normal saline as the final irrigant. The canals were filled laterally with gutt...

Bitewing radiographs have been one of the dentist’s chief diagnostic tools in the dental clinic. They increase detection of interproximal caries approximately two-fold when compared to clinical examination alone. To a much lesser extent, the bitewing may be used to diagnose occlusal caries. The dentist examining a bitewing radiograph will pay attention to the alveolar crests thus assessing peri...

INTRODUCTION Our objective was to determine whether the elevation of a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap alone, without cortical cuts, decreases the amount of bone around teeth and accelerates mesial tooth movements. METHODS The mandibular second premolars of 7 beagle dogs were extracted, and on a randomly selected side, a full-thickness mucoperiosteal buccal flap extending from the distal a...

There are two main results concerning the nature of constructive extensions of the countable atomless Boolean algebra, say 28 a, which appear in [1]. These results are (I) if <& is a constructive extension of 23a, then each element of # is recursive open and regular, and (II) the characterization of the simple constructive extensions 28JJJ) as those for which U is recursive open and regular. We...

C. Alt, T. Anticic, B. Baatar, D. Barna, J. Bartke, L. Betev, H. Bia lkowska, C. Blume, B. Boimska, M. Botje, J. Bracinik, R. Bramm, P. Bunčić, V. Cerny, P. Christakoglou, P. Chung, O. Chvala, J.G. Cramer, P. Csató, P. Dinkelaker, V. Eckardt, D. Flierl, Z. Fodor, P. Foka, V. Friese, J. Gál, M. Gaździcki, 11 V. Genchev, G. Georgopoulos, E. G ladysz, K. Grebieszkow, S. Hegyi, C. Höhne, K. Kadija,...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to improve the treatment methods for the mental foramen by comparing the directly measured values with the radiographic measured values. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twelve mental foramina (72 males, 40 females) that were exposed during the operation were examined. The patients' age ranged from 12 to 69 years, with a mean age of 41.8 years. All p...

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of lower incisor extraction and to compare it with premolar extraction and non-extraction treatment. The sample consisted of 60 subjects with Class I malocclusion and moderate crowding. The sample was separated into three groups: extraction of a lower incisor group, extraction of a four first premolar group and a non-extr...