To investigate the role of hormones in regulating growth of neoplastic mammary cells, we established a heterologous assay for studying interactions of partially purified calf uterine [3H]estradiol-charged estrogen receptor ([3H]ER) with rat tumor nuclei in vitro. This system displays saturable high affinity binding of [3H]ER which is time and salt dependent. Optimal assay conditions required fo...

The work of Loeb (21, 22), Cori (6, 9) and Murray (23, 24) demonstrated that ovariectomy of mice in certain stocks at an early age was associated with a reduction in incidence of spontaneous mammary tumors. Hyperplasia and/or adenoma of the adrenal cortical cells in castrated male and female mice was later described in several inbred stocks (dba, ce, C3H, CBA, NH, Balb) (13, 14, 27, 29). The al...

cause and that this, in mammals as in birds, is a virus.― Mann (33—35)injected frozen spontaneous and transplanted mammary cancers and explained the development of tumors on the basis that the mam mary tumor milk agent-virus was liberated in its active form following freezing, since mammary tu mors arose at the site of injection of the suspended frozen tumor-mince. The tumors developed as r...

BACKGROUND Canine mammary tumors represent the most common neoplasm in female dogs, and the discovery of cancer biomarkers and their translation to clinical relevant assays is a key requirement in the war on cancer. Since the description of the 'Warburg effect', the reprogramming of metabolic pathways is considered a hallmark of pathological changes in cancer cells. In this study, we investigat...

We have developed transgenic mice in which expression of the mouse int-2/Fgf-3 gene is regulated by a single long terminal repeat from mouse mammary tumor virus. Such mice contain and transmit a replica of the activated int-2/Fgf-3 allele present in a spontaneous mammary tumor from a BR6 mouse. Although free of infectious mouse mammary tumor virus and with a different genetic background, the tr...

In the hormonally responsive 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)- or N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced mammary carcinomas, regulatory mechanisms have been altered such that these tumors retain their hormonal dependence for growth but possess only a limited ability to synthesize the mammary gland-specific milk proteins. Quantitation of casein mRNA levels revealed that very low levels of casein...