Herniation of the hindbrain outside of the setting of intracranial hypertension, trauma, and brain tumors is an uncommon phenomenon with estimated incidence of less than 1%. In the late 1890's, Hans Chiari, a German pathologist, classified hindbrain herniation into three forms. This classification was then extended to include six types. We reviewed the current literature for the proposed embryo...

BACKGROUND Cerebral arteriovenous (AV) malformation causes, due to the increased blood flow through a malformation, a massive intraoperative bleeding complicating, so, surgical treatment. The use of intraoperative blood saving apparatus during surgery and a recombinant factor VII-a (NovoSeven) significantly reduce complications during surgical treatment. CASE REPORT We reported a case of surg...

We report a case of a pulmonary venous malformation in a 4-year-old boy who presented with recurrent pneumonia. A radiograph revealed a right infrahilar mass and a hyperlucent right lung. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a mass containing intensely enhancing areas and multiple phleboliths located in the right lower lobe and encasing the right bronchus and right inferior pulmonary vein. Mag...

A Chiari malformation Type I may remain asymptomatic until the patient has reached adulthood and acute presentation of symptoms occurs. In several clinical and experimental studies it has been shown that essential hypertension is associated with vascular compression of the brainstem, particularly of the rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata. Nevertheless, two cases of Chiari malformation and ...

Male ICR mice were orally administered samarium nitrate [Sm(NO3)3] to investigate its effects on sperm concentration and sperm quality. After acute exposure to ≥2880.00 mg/kg Sm(NO3)3 via intragastric gavage, sperm motility and acrosome integrity were decreased, and the sperm malformation percentage was increased (P < 0.05). After subchronic exposure to ≥500.00 mg/L Sm(NO3)3 administered via dr...

INTRODUCTION Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterised by recurrent episodes of sudden, intense, usually unilateral, lancinating pain confined to the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. It is most commonly associated with compression of the trigeminal nerve root by an artery or vein, which is thought to lead to irritability of the nerve root due to demyelination and r...

We report on a female patient with Dandy-Walker malformation possibly caused by heterozygous loss of ZIC1 and ZIC4. The patient presented with mental retardation, epilepsy, and multiple congenital malformations including spina bifida, mild dysmorphic facial features including, thick eyebrows, broad nose, full lips, macroglossia, and hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis with enlargement of the fo...

Multimodal cancer therapy for pediatric head and neck tumors may be associated with significant developmental orofacial morbidity. This report details these effects in a child (C.I.) diagnosed at 2.5 years of age with a rhabdomyosarcoma, primary to the left buccinator. This case is of interest as C.I. has an unaffected identical twin (D.I.) for comparative study. Both were assessed by comparing...

Objective To describe typical clinical presentation of patients with microfistular, capillary-venule (CV) malformation as a variant form arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Methods A retrospective analysis 15 CV-AVM confirmed by computational flow model enrolled in prospective database congenital vascular between January 2008 and May 2018. Results The mean age the at first time was 30 years bala...

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal vascular malformations are rare benign neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, with rectosigmoid region being most frequently involved site. Patients often manifest recurrent, intermittent rectal bleeding, which might occasionally be life-threatening. Case presentation A 39-year-old man a history hemorrhoid operations twice was presented to our gastroentero...