G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest class of membrane proteins and are an important target for therapeutic drugs. These receptors are highly dynamic proteins sampling a range of conformational states in order to fulfil their complex signalling roles. In order to fully understand GPCR signalling mechanisms it is necessary to extract the receptor protein out of the plasma membran...

Current anti-fibrotic effect of antioxidants in vivo is disappointing due probably to the fact that once liver fibrogenesis is established it is too advanced to be reversed by anti-oxidation mechanism. We consider antioxidant may only act on the early phase of fibrogenesis. Thus, we had previously established an early liver fibrosis animal model using an inducible expression vector (pPK9a), whi...

Anhydrous sodium acetate will serve as the catalyst with maleic, chloro-maleic, and methylglutaconic anhydrides, giving yields of 0.54, 0.22, and 1.02 moles CO2 per mole of anhydride. The products of all these reactions are black and brown-black, are soluble in acetone, acetophenone, dioxane, and aqueous alkali and are insoluble in benzene, toluene, ether, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, a...

The aim of this study was conducted to subchronic toxic effects separate and combined using of maleic hydrazide and ethephon in female mice. Treatment group divided into 9 groups according to chemicals’ doses and compared with controls. Three separate maleic hydrazide doses (100-200-400 mg/kg/day, in feed) and ethephon (50-100-150 mg/kg/day, in water) were given alone and in combination during ...

AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of different endodontic irrigants in the removal of smear layer through scanning electron microscopic image analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present in vitro study was carried out on 45 single-rooted extracted human mandibular premolar teeth with single canal and complete root formation. Teeth were randomly assigned to three g...

Since maleic acid is capable of specially dissolving Chitosan, in this research the method of producing water lubricant nanoparticles in Chitosan solution, based on maleic acid has been studied. The resulting nanoparticles have a remarkable contact surface with the ordinary Chitosan form in absorbing metal ions, proteins and fat existing in Whey. After providing the 0.02, 0.03, 0.05 gr. density...

The interaction of cytochrome c (cyt c) with poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic acid) (PIMA) and poly(1-tetradecene-alt-maleic acid) (PTMA) was studied using circular dichroism, absorption spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy to investigate the electrostatic and hydrophobic influence of the copolymers on the structure of cyt c. At pH 7.4, the interaction of PIMA with cyt c can only partly disturb...

In this research, at different quantities as fillers, Boric Acid, Calcite (CaCO3), SPT (Sodium Perborate Tetrahydrate) and coupling matters, 3%, MAPE (Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polyethylene), Titanate Silanyl (Vinyltriethoxysilane) were added waste paper. Composite boards pressed cut in 1 × 30 cm. order to identify some properties of the produced boards, experimental works applied according stan...

The unsaturated fatty acid maleinization reaction was adopted according to the well documented procedures of synthesizing the alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA) that are often used in industry (i.e. for paper sizing agents and cutting fluids lubricants) . For monounsaturated fatty acid such as oleic acid, 13 times of maleic anhydride to oleic acid molar ratio are recommended to obtain high yield...