PREFACE .......................................................................................327 I. OVERVIEW .......................................................................................327 II. SOLITARY CONFINEMENT CAN CAUSE SEVERE PSYCHIATRIC HARM .......................................................................................333 A. Solitary Confinement Can Cause a Specific ...

This paper investigates the growth over time of the size of higher education institutions (HEIs), as measured by the number of academic staff, and its association with HEI and country attributes. We analyse a sample of 837 HEIs from 18 countries derived from the European Tertiary Education Register (ETER) and from the European Micro Data dataset (EUMIDA) for the years 2008 and 2012. Our analysi...

Teen Courts provide a forum in which juvenile offenders are sentenced by their peers. This system, based on principles of restorative justice, serves as an alternative to the traditional juvenile justice system. Sentencing options typically include restitution, community service, jury duty, apologies, attendance at educational workshops, and tours of correctional facilities. Previous research h...

Youth Gangs: An Overview, the initial Bulletin in this series, brings together available knowledge on youth gangs by reviewing data and research. The author begins with a look at the history of youth gangs and their demographic characteristics. He then assesses the scope of the youth gang problem, including gang problems in juvenile detention and correctional facilities. A review of gang studie...

The conduct of research with human participants is facing increased scrutiny from government, media, and academic sources. Research oversight is consequently increasing dramatically as education and accreditation movements gain momentum. Institutional review boards themselves are undergoing significant changes in organization and accountability, implementing new tools to monitor investigator co...

HighereducationsysteminIndiahasbeenexpandedinaremarkableway,particularlyinthepostindependenceperiod,tobecomeoneofthelargestsystemsofitskindintheworld.However,the GrossEnrollmentRatio (GER) is farbelowwhencompared todevelopedandmanydeveloping countries.TheGovernmentofIndiahasfocusedonincreasingtheaccessandensuringequityduring successiv...

This report describes a unique undergraduate research and teaching collaboration between investigators at two institutions, one a relatively small, primarily undergraduate institution and the other a large, urban research-intensive university. The program incorporates three major facets. First, undergraduates participate in a weekly collaborative lab meeting involving instructors from both inst...

BACKGROUND The crowded environment of correctional facilities may enhance infectious diseases transmission, such as tuberculosis. OBJECTIVES To define the tuberculosis burden in prisons in Israel, a country of low TB incidence (7.9 cases:100,000 population in 2004), in which about 13,000 inmates are being incarcerated annually, and to recommend policy adaptations for TB control. METHODS All...

The National Education Association has been exploring what President Bob Chase calls New Unionism as a means to increase professionalism for teachers at all levels and improve the quality of the education teachers provide. This is a concept with particular relevance of higher education. Higher education faculty and staff are “managed professionals,” as I’ve noted elsewhere,1 and need a public p...