Enteral formulas are foods designed for medical uses to feed patients who are unable to eat normally. They are prepared by mixing proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates and fats and submitted to sterilization. During thermal treatment, the Maillard reaction takes place through the reaction of animo acids with reducing sugars. Thus, although glutamine and arginine are usually added to improve the ...

Diabetes Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. School of Chemistry and...

The importance of Strecker degradation lies in its ability to produce Strecker aldehydes and 2-aminocarbonyl compounds, both are critical intermediates in the generation of aromas during Maillard reaction, however, they can also be formed independently of the pathways established for Strecker degradation. Strecker aldehyde can be formed directly either from free amino acids or from Amadori prod...

The Maillard reaction occurring between amino group and carbonyl group produces neoformed compounds having certain levels of antioxidant activity depending on the reaction conditions and the type of reactants. In this study, maillard reaction products (MRPs) derived from four model systems including chitosan-glucose (CG), chitosan-fructose (CF), chitosanmaltose (CM) and chitosan-lactose (CL) so...

The non-enzymatic modifications of proteins through Amadori and Maillard reactions play an important role in the loss of seed viability during storage. In the present study, the contribution of sugar hydrolysis and lipid peroxidation to Amadori and Maillard reactions, and to seed deterioration was investigated in mung-bean (Vigna radiata Wilczek). The contents of glucose and lipid peroxidation ...

In this article we review recent progress and controversies relating to three areas of the field of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGE). A controversy exists as to whether pyrraline, an AGE detectable by immunohistochemistry in kidneys from patients with renal failure, exists in vivo. Recent data from the authors' laboratory revealed that pyrraline is present in alkaline or protease diges...

During processing of pet food, the Maillard reaction occurs, which reduces the bioavailability of essential amino acids such as lysine and results in the formation of advanced Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The aim of this study was to quantitate MRPs (fructoselysine (FL), carboxymethyllysine (CML), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) and the cross-link lysinoalanine (LAL) in commercial pet foods....

The furosine content of infant cereals has been used to evaluate the thermal damage caused to those foods during their manufacture (toasting, amylolysis and drying steps). The mean furosine contents of raw and toasted flours were 13·7 and 13·8 mg/100 g of protein, respectively. The furosine content increased to 47·3 mg/100 g of protein after hydrolysis using alpha-amylase. The amylolysis proces...

Conclusion It would appear then, that both GBM and the renal parenchyma as a whole contain diverse charged components. Abnormalities of GBM anionic charge expression are more complex than at first conceived, reflecting often subtle alterations in membrane matrix charged structures which may have a minimal or profound, direct or indirect influence on membrane permeability. The original concept o...

The effects of the Maillard reaction on the biological activity of insulin as a hormone, and on the utilization of egg albumin as a source of amino acids have been studied. In order to know the number, the position, and the effect of the glucose residues that bind a protein, crystalline zinc insulin was stored with 14C-glucose at 37° and 68% R.H. for four months. The unreacted sugar was separat...