The quantum Hall effect can only be induced by an out-of-plane magnetic field for two-dimensional electron gases, and similarly, the quantum anomalous Hall effect has also usually been considered for systems with only out-of-plane magnetization. In the present work, we predict that the quantum anomalous Hall effect can be induced by in-plane magnetization that is not accompanied by any out-of-p...

Recent time-resolved differential transmission and Faraday rotation measurements of long-lived electron-spin coherence in quantum wells displayed intriguing parametric dependencies. For their understanding we formulate a microscopic theory of the optical response of a gas of optically incoherent excitons whose constituent electrons retain spin coherence, under a weak magnetic field applied in t...

In two-dimensional electron systems confined to GaAs quantum wells, as a function of either tilting the sample in a magnetic field or increasing density, we observe multiple spin-polarization transitions of the fractional quantum Hall states at filling factors ν=4/5 and 5/7. The number of observed transitions provides evidence that these are fractional quantum Hall states of interacting two-flu...

The femtosecond inter-Landau-level dynamics of a two-dimensional electron gas in a large magnetic field is investigated by degenerate four-wave mixing on modulation doped quantum wells. We observe a large transfer of oscillator strength to the lowest Landau level, and unusual dynamics due to Coulomb correlation. We interpret the effects using a model based on shakeup of the electron gas.

Organic and inorganic compounds utilised at different stages of various industrial processes are lost into effluent water and eventually find their way into fresh water sources where they cause devastating effects on the ecosystem due to their stability, toxicity, and non-biodegradable nature. Semiconductor photocatalysis has been highlighted as a promising technology for the treatment of water...

We derive and evaluate expressions for the low temperature dc equilibrium tunneling conductance between parallel two-dimensional electron systems. Our theory is based on a linear-response formalism and on impurity-averaged perturbation theory. The disorder broadening of features in the dependence of tunneling conductance on sheet densities and in-plane magnetic field strengths is influenced bot...

Abrasive machining is one of the most non-conventional processes for finishing. It is widely used in industry to machine the materials like mild steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, glass, hard rock material, graphite, composite material, ceramics etc.Like in abrasive jet machining. This technique uses jet which contains abrasive material. Now a day water-magnetic abrasive machining is one of the...

Plants for optimal growth requires absorb water and nutrients absorption from the soil. Magnetic Water downward movement of minerals and makes it easy for plants to absorb nutrients and water. This study was designed to investigate the effect of magnetic salt water on some quantity and quality characteristics of artichoke leaves. The experiment was factorial based on completely randomized desig...