Respiratory failure and death in East Coast Fever (ECF), a clinical syndrome of African cattle caused by the apicomplexan parasite Theileria parva, has historically been attributed to pulmonary infiltration by infected lymphocytes. However, immunohistochemical staining of tissue from T. parva infected cattle revealed large numbers of CD3- and CD20-negative intralesional mononuclear cells. Due t...

The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires a rapid solution and global collaborative efforts in order to define preventive treatment strategies. One of the major challenges this disease is high number patients needing advanced respiratory support due Distress (ARDS) as lung – although not exclusive target virus. molecular mec...

Background: Macrophages activation is the important anti-leishmania immune response. Different signals could affect macrophages development and functional activation. Objectives: In the present study, we compared the effect of Leishmania Soluble Antigen (LSA)and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on peritoneal macrophage responses. Appropriate activation of macrophages depends on thesignals they receive ...

The histiocytoses are a group of rare proliferative disorders derived from dendritic cells and macrophages. The prognosis is variable, ranging from benign lesions though chronic debilitating illness to rare true malignant disorders. Diagnosis is by clinical features, histology including morphology and immunohistochemistry, and recently in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, using molecular dia...