BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that air pollution is associated with atherosclerosis and that traffic-related particles are a particularly important contributor to the association. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between long-term exposure to black carbon, a correlate of traffic particles, and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CIMT) in elderly men residing in the g...

employment of solarization using the polyethylene mulch can be effective as a non-chemical approach for some control noxious weed management such as purple nutsedge (cyperus rotundus). in order to determine the effect of different levels of polyethylene mulches including one- layer clear polyethylene film, two- layer clear polyethylene film, one- layer black polyethylene film and two- layer bla...

This experiment was conducted at National Tea Research Institute (NTRI), Shinkiari, Mansehra during 2005-06 with the objectives to find and recommend the most suitable growing environment with a better combination of polythene tube colour i.e. black or transparent for the successful raising of tea seedlings. Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) seedlings were raised in polythene tubes (black and transpar...

The cutting properties of tools can be greatly improved by AlCrSiN coatings. The AlCrSiN coatings with nitrogen content in the range of 28.2–56.3 at. % were prepared by varying the N2/Ar flow ratio from 1/4 to 1/1. The influence of N2/Ar flow ratio on composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties, as well as the tribological properties, of the coatings was investigated. With increasing...

WD 501‐1 Estimation of Wood Dust Exposure in Small and Medium‐Sized Companies in Germany J. Schulze, Berufsgenossenschaft Holz und Metall, Bielefeld, Germany. Situation/problem: To estimate the exposure of wood workers in their working areas the Holz‐Berufsgenossens‐ chaft (the German woodworking industry’s institution for statutory accident insurance) is carrying out a wood dust measurement p...

Water scarcity threatens food security in arid areas, highlighting the importance of water-saving agriculture for production. Agricultural management practices are developed to improve water-use efficiency, and their effects generally evaluated at field scale rather than regional scale. To figure out potential irrigation methods mulching practices, FAO AquaCrop model was first calibrated valida...

Rules, regulations and policy statements quite frequently contain nested sequences of normative modalities as in, for example: • The database manager is obliged to permit the deputy-manager to authorise access for senior departmental staff. • Parking on highways ought to be forbidden. Marcus (1966) Accordingly, a knowledge-representation language for such sentences must be able to accommodate n...

Cropping is a cutting process whereby opposing aligned blades create a shearing failure by exerting opposing forces normal to the surfaces of a metal sheet or plate. Building on recent efforts to quantify cropping, this paper formulates a plane strain elastic–plastic model of a plate subject to shearing action by opposing rigid platens. Shear failure at the local level is modeled by a cohesive ...

This paper aims to gain an understanding of the reliability of the existing separation criteria for orthogonal metal cutting. To focus on their physical inherence, a simple finite element model under plane-strain deformation was used to investigate the mechanics of cutting from the incipient stage. The workpiece materials studied were elastic–perfectly plastic and elastic–plastic with work hard...