Currently, early gastrointestinal cancers are treated endoscopically, as long as there are no lymph node metastases. However, once a gastrointestinal cancer invades the submucosal layer, the lymph node metastatic rate rises to higher than 10%. Therefore, surgery is still the gold standard to remove regional lymph nodes containing possible metastases. Here, to avoid prophylactic surgery, we prop...

a 45-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis complicated with composite lymphoma in the spleen and para-aortic lymph node presented with a one-month history of malaise, weakness and fatigue. only mesalamine kept ulcerative colitis under control. in physical examination, splenomegaly was revealed and pancytopenia was obtained from laboratory data. computed tomography scan ...

The authors describe a case of histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma (HR-BCL), a variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, in a 51-year-old man. The patient presented with large axillary lymphadenopathy. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination of lymph node biopsy revealed diffuse effacement of the lymph node architecture by reactive histiocytes and neoplastic CD20 positive B cells. ...

introduction: kikuchi-fujimoto disease or histocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is a rare, benign, self-limited condition characterized by constitutional symptoms, lymphadenopathy, and skin lesions and often affects young adult females.the etiology is unknown although viruses and autoimmune mechanisms has been suggested. diagnosis is fundamentally based on the affected lymph node biopsy.the pati...

Pathologic staging is a key factor in the treatment and outcome of cancer patients, and lymph node status plays a pivotal role in this staging process. Several methods of lymph node assessment, such as the fat clearance, Schwartz solution and GEWF solution, are unpopular as they require a significant amount of time (1‑9 days) to clear the fat of the resected mesentery and to visualize the lymph...

Sentinel lymph nodes are the first lymph nodes in the region that receive lymphatic drainage from a primary tumor. The detection or exclusion of sentinel lymph node micrometastases is critical in the staging of cancer, especially breast cancer and melanoma because it directly affects patient's prognosis and surgical management. Currently, intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsies using blue d...

Radiographic contrast studies have been recommended to identify the thoracic duct (TD) and its branches before and after surgery for total occlusion. The macroscopic identification of the TD and its branches during surgery usually involves injection of methylene blue (MB). Radiographic contrast and methylene blue can be injected into different anatomical structures (lymph node, lymph vessel, s....

An elderly woman presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, several systemic symptoms, and splenomegaly. An inguinal lymph node excision revealed a compound picture. One aspect of the lymph node morphology, including cells with follicular T-helper cell phenotype, was most consistent with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. The other component, revealing spindle cells forming whorls with immuno...