In this paper, lumped-parameter models (LPMs) were developed and utilized to simulate nitrate concentration in the groundwater of Gaza City and Jabalia Camp (GCJC) in the Gaza Coastal Aquifer (GCA) in Palestine. In the GCJC area, nitrate levels exceed the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg/L NO3-N (45 mg/L NO3) in many wells. Elevated nitrate concentrations in the groundwater of GCJC area...

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We investigate the nature of the dynamically inactive phase of a simple symmetric exclusion process on a ring. We find that as the system’s activity is tuned to a lower-than-average value the particles progressively lump into a single cluster, thereby forming a kink in the density profile. All dynamical regimes, and their finite size range of validity, are explicitly determined. ‡ vivien.lecomt...

In the Arrow-Debreu model of an intertemporal economy with a continuum of agents, suppose that the auctioneer sets prices while the government institutes optimal lump-sum transfers period by period. An earlier paper showed how subgame imperfections arise because agents understand how current decisions such as those determining investment will influence future lump-sum transfers. This observatio...

Traditionally electric motor manufactures have tended to concentrate effort on improving the electromagnetic design and have only dealt with the thermal design aspects superficially. However the increasing requirement for miniaturisation, energy efficiency and cost reduction, and the need to fully exploit new topologies and materials, make it imperative to analyse the thermal circuit to the sam...

I nvestors with cash that is destined for stocks often use a dollar-cost averaging plan. They divide the cash into segments, and convert one segment at a time from cash to stocks according to a predetermined schedule. The alternative to dollar-cost averaging is lump-sum investment. The popularity of dollar-cost averaging can be traced back at least to the 1940s. (See, for example, discussions i...

Slotting allowances, which are lump-sum transfers paid by food manufacturers to grocery retailers in return for various retail concessions, are becoming increasingly common in wholesale grocery markets. This article extends the literature on slotting allowances by considering two features that previously have been ignored: the role of food processors in determining these pricing arrangements, a...

We construct the stress tensors for the p-adic string model and for the pure tachyonic sector of open string field theory by naive metric covariantization of the action. Then we give the concrete energy density of a lump solution of the p-adic model. In the cubic open bosonic string field theory, we also give the energy density of a lump solution and pressure evolution of a rolling tachyon solu...

For economies in which the real rate of return on money is too low, the standard prescription is to deflate prices according to the Friedman rule. Implicit in this recommendation is the availability of a lump-sum tax instrument. In this paper, I view lump-sum tax obligations as a form of debt subject to default. While individuals may agree to honor such obligations ex ante, a lack of commitment...

The rolling surface for railroad wheels can be a heat source that may have an impact on the performance of the wheel bearing. In this study, experimental data from an electrically-heated railroad wheel set is analyzed by constructing thermal models of the wheel set. A steady finite-element model, a steady-analytical model, and a transient lumped-parameter model are discussed. Model parameters a...