Microtubules are filamentous polar polymers with plus and minus ends. This polarity plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular functions such as chromosome movement and organelle transport. To examine the relationship between the growth polarity of microtubules and guanine nucleotide dependence, we polymerized microtubules from axonemes of sea urchin sperm flagella either with GTP or with GT...

This paper re-explores the relation between a country’s level of wealth and the mix of products it exports. It shows how a country’s capabilities i.e., its productivity and quality levels in each good, simultaneously determines both the mix of goods it produces and exports, and its level of gdp per capita. In our multi-product general equilibrium setting, the relation between a country’s qualit...

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has great impact on the development of a developing country like Bangladesh. The foreign investor seeks for new sources of investment where the developing country seeks for new sources of fund to develop the country. The FDI does not only bring sources of fund in a developing country but also new technology in a developing country. The FDI has the important role ...

 decline in private sector investment expenditures, crowding-out effect, lack of conditions for optimal allocation of resources, reduction inefficiency, and the possibility of increasing inequality in income distribution are considered as the effects of increasing the government size according to many theoretical studies and empirical evidence. Hence, identifying the determinants of the governm...

This paper empirically analyzes the nonlinear relation between real GDP growth per capital and public debt by employing ADL test for threshold cointegration method. Empirical results show that there exists a threshold cointegration relationship between public debt and real GDP growth per capital. In case of the empirical results, cutting public debt could boost economic growth in the long-term....

This paper considers the similarity between two measures of air pollution/quality control, on the one hand, and widely used indicators of life quality and welfare, on the other. We have developed a multi-layer perceptron neural network system which is trained to predict the measurements of air quality (emissions of sulphur and nitrogen oxides), using Eurostat data for 34 countries. We used life...

applying nonlinear models to estimation and forecasting economic models are now becoming more common, thanks to advances in computing technology. artificial neural networks (ann) models, which are nonlinear local optimizer models, have proven successful in forecasting economic variables. most ann models applied in economics use the gradient descent method as their learning algorithm. however, t...

There has been much discussion on the relationship between education and economic growth. A few studies have examined the increasing trend of female enrolment in educational institutions and economic growth. The objective of this paper is to empirically investigate four alternatives but equally plausible hypotheses. These are: i) GDP cause female enrolment proxies (the conventional view), ii) F...