BACKGROUND  Despite longstanding infant vaccination programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), pertussis continues to cause deaths in the youngest infants. A maternal monovalent acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, in development, could prevent many of these deaths. We estimated infant pertussis mortality rates at which maternal vaccination would be a cost-effective use of public health...

in this paper, we have studied the effect of population on iranian economic growth by using optimal growth theory. optimal growth theory is a nonlinear dynamic planning. classical approaches in mathematics are used for solving these nonlinear systems. but, in this study, we have used genetic algorithm (ga) method. as results show, it seems that population growth in previous years (1350- 1386), ...

Considerable portion of housing sector from gross domestic product indicates relationship between housing sector and macroeconomics. This paper focuses on consumption demand of housing and variables that can affect it and represents a theoretical framework for changes of housing prices regarding variables such as income per capita, liquidity and land per capita, the present paper studies effect...

BACKGROUND The elderly represent a susceptible subpopulation that experiences disproportionate levels of morbidity and mortality from respiratory disease. As a consequence, they are frequently hospitalized for these conditions. Evaluating the geographic distributions of these hospital admissions can provide useful insights concerning patterns in incidence and medical care for respiratory diseas...

Remark 2 Differences are really huge. For example, in 2000, GDP (or income) per capita in the United States was over $33000.1 In contrast, income per capita is much lower in many other countries: less than $9000 in Mexico, less than $4000 in China, less than $2500 in India, and only about $700 in Nigeria, and much much lower in some other sub-Saharan African countries such as Chad, Ethiopia, an...

This paper examines how and to what degree government policies of garbage fees and voluntary source separation programs, with free indoor containers and garbage bags, can affect the effectiveness of municipal solid waste (MSW) management, in the sense of achieving a desirable reduction of per capita MSW generation. Based on city-level panel data for years 1998–2012 in China, our empirical analy...

Socio-economic status is a major indicator of livelihood and the two crucial factors determining livelihood are poverty and income inequality. The present study assessed the livelihood status of fishermen operating fibre re-inforced plastic (FRP) boats (motorised) of 9-10 m LOA. Socio-economic status, including poverty and income inequality of fishermen, comprising both owners (FRPO) and labour...