The far-field angular distributions of high-order harmonics of a 1054-nm laser, with orders ranging from the lower teens to the upper thirties, have been measured in thin, low-density Ar, Kr, and Xe targets. The 1.25times-diffraction-limited, 1.4-ps-duration, Gaussian laser pulses were focused to intensities ranging from 3 X 10' to 3 X 10' W/cm, using f/70 optics. A gas target localized the gas...

Mask-Aligner and Stepper The typical emission spectrum of a mask aligner or stepper with Hg light source and without optical selective mirrors/filters contains g(wavelength 436 nm), h(405 nm) and i-line (365 nm), with an i-line intensity approx. 40 % of the total emission between 440 and 340 nm. The absorption spectrum (spectral sensitivity see next section) of AZ® and TI photoresists is matche...

introduction: to determine efficacy of low level laser therapy for clicking temporomandibular joint (tmj) with a diode laser following orthodontic treatment. methods:  performance of lllt with a diode laser for temporomandibular clicking and postoperative findings were evaluated in a case of an orthodontic patient following the termination of treatment. patient had a history of severe clicking ...

case presentation the patient was a 45-year-old male with t8 complete paraplegia; he had developed severe pressure ulcer. the authors used lllt as a complementary treatment. they used 980 nm, continuous 6 j/cm2 for margins and 655 nm, continuous 1.8 j/cm2 for bed of the ulcer, along with intravascular laser therapy. after 24 sessions of lllt and z-plasty surgery, the ulcer healed completely. co...

We have measured the energy absorption efficiency of high intensity, picosecond laser pulses in low density gases composed of large atomic clusters. We find that, though the average density of the resulting plasmas is low, the energy absorption can be very high s.95%d, indicating that substantial laser energy is deposited per particle in the plasma. Ion energy measurements confirm that this eff...

Phase retrieval is a powerful numerical method that can be used to determine the wavefront of laser beams based only on intensity measurements, without the use of expensive, low-resolution specialized wavefront sensors such as Shack-Hartmann sensors. However, phase retrieval techniques generally suffer from poor convergence and fidelity when the input measurements contain electronic or optical ...

The performance of laser machining systems can often be improved by adjusting the intensity profile of the beam on the target. Shaping a laser intensity profile can be efficiently accomplished by adjusting the spatial phase of the beam before propagating the beam a distance to the target. Beam shaping can be accomplished with passive diffractive elements, but this technique is only capable of c...

BACKGROUND Postoperative pain is a common complication that can lead to serious morbidities and delayed recovery. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy on acute pain after tibial fracture surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 54 patients who were candidate for tibial fracture surgery were allocated randomly to tw...

In this paper, the dynamic behavior of laser induced optical breakdown in impure water was studied by using a pump- probe technique. The plasma was induced by a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser pulse (with pulse duration ~10 ns) in distilled water with two types of impurities: (I) a solution (highly diluted salt water as a conductor) and (II) a colloidal (TiO2 in colloidal nanoparticle form as a dielectric...