1. Two-dimensionalists often rely on the assumption that “a posteriori information only tells us about our world” (Chalmers (1996), 137). This assumption backs their rejection of what Chalmers calls “strong metaphysical necessities”, since such necessities would be forever beyond our epistemic reach. But I see no reason to accept this epistemological constraint, and much reason to reject it. No...

Description : Diffuse low-grade gliomas (WHO grade II) are a sub-group of rare and heterogeneous primary brain tumors that usually occur in young patients living a normal life until the onset of a first seizure. A good understanding of the natural history of these gliomas namely: their steady progression, infiltration along white matter fibers and especially the risk of malignant transformation...

Coal was central to the industrial revolution, but in the 20th century it increasingly was superseded by oil and gas. However, in recent years coal again has become the predominant source of global carbon emissions. We show that this trend of rapidly increasing coal-based emissions is not restricted to a few individual countries such as China. Rather, we are witnessing a global renaissance of c...

Pulverized Wyoming subbituminous coal was beneficiated by low-pH oil agglomerationat CONSOL to prepare the coal for direct liquefaction. Conventional cleaning is not veryeffective in cleaning this coal; for example, conventional oil agglomeration only givesabout 20% ash rejection. To improve ash rejection, the coal-water slurry was acidifiedto a pH of about 0.5. Oil agglomeratio...

The majority of risk factors for chronic inflammatory diseases are unknown. This makes personalized medicine for assessment, prognosis, and choice of therapy very difficult. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that low-grade subclinical infections may be an underlying cause of many chronic inflammatory diseases and thus may contribute to secondary outcomes (e.g., cancer). Many diseases ...

This research focuses on the co-firing of discard coal with refuse-derived fuel (RDF) to utilize this abundant resource in South Africa for energy generation and reduce volume waste disposed at landfills. The potential a high ash content (> 40%), which is grade used some power stations Africa, its combustion compatibility two different RDFs terms emission reductions has been established. Gas...

Pulverized Wyoming subbituminous coal was beneficiated by low-pH oil agglomerationat CONSOL to prepare the coal for direct liquefaction. Conventional cleaning is not veryeffective in cleaning this coal; for example, conventional oil agglomeration only givesabout 20% ash rejection. To improve ash rejection, the coal-water slurry was acidifiedto a pH of about 0.5. Oil agglomeratio...

This paper analyzes the effects of pollution control regulation on input markets. Under Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, sulfur dioxide emissions from large coal-fired electric power plants in the United States are regulated by a cap-and-trade system. We address the question of who gained from from Title IV. We first show that Phase I of the tradeable permits program, from 1995 to...

Homogenization is the processing of one type of material so that the inherent fluctuations in respect of quality and/or size distribution are evened out. In blending coal, the aim is to achieve a final product with a well defined composition, from two or more coal types, so that the elements are very well distributed and no large pockets of one type can be identified. In mixing, traces of the i...

In a previous communication (King and Nagelschmidt, 1945), analytical data were given for the amount and composition of the dust found in the lungs of 54 coalworkers from South Wales. Coal, total silica, quartz, mica, and kaolin were determined as the percentages of dried lung tissue, and the results were related to type of work and degree of pathology. The main findings were the following: (1)...