Many studies have demonstrated that muscle activity 50-100 ms after a mechanical perturbation (i.e., the long-latency stretch response) can be modulated in a manner that reflects voluntary motor control. These previous studies typically assessed modulation of the long-latency stretch response from individual muscles rather than how this response is concurrently modulated across multiple muscles...

We report the results of performing a pronating osteotomy of the radius, coupled with other soft-tissue procedures, as part of an upper limb functional surgery programme in tetraplegic patients with supination contractures. In total 12 patients were reviewed with a mean follow-up period of 60 months (12 to 109). Pre-operatively, passive movement ranged from a mean of 19.2 degrees pronation (-70...

OBJECTIVE To analyse cases of radial head and neck fractures in children and compare them with the literature. METHOD Retrospective and descriptive study of 21 children with radial head and neck fractures. The following parameters were collected: demographics, comorbidity, classification, treatment, need for rehabilitation, lack of range of motion (ROM), time for recovery and complications. ...

production and preparation of many parts of the aircraft body including wings with long length, smooth form, and large radius of curvature are amongst the most important challenges in this industry. in this paper, the effective factors in the rubber pad forming method on a pieces contain curvature radius have been investigated by finite element method. the effect of variables such as curvature ...

Introduction: Main source of nutrition to long bone during growth and ossification is nutrient artery. Nutrient canal opens as foramen on the surface shaft which conducts artery peripheral nerves bones. provides more than 60-70% blood supply bone, 30- 40% through periosteal, metaphyseal epiphyseal vessels. Aim: To determine number foramina, its position shaft, size direction foramina either tow...

Restoration of elbow flexion is the first goal in brachial plexus injuries. The current procedures using nerve grafts and nerve transfers authorize more extensive repairs, with different possible targets: shoulder, elbow extension, and hand. Elbow extension is important to stabilize the elbow without the contralateral hand and allows achieving a useful grasp. The transfer of the intercostal ner...

Background: An opening into the bone shaft for passage of blood vessels to the medullary cavity of a bone for its nourishment and growth is called understanding of nutrient foramina in upper limb bones such as the humerus, radius and ulna. So the aim of present study was to record the location, number and direction of nutrient foramina in lon bones of the upper limb. Material and methods: A tot...

The roles of muscles that span a single joint (monoarticular) versus those that span two (biarticular) or more joints have been suggested to differ. Monoarticular muscles are argued to perform work at a joint, whereas biarticular muscles are argued to transfer energy while resisting moments across adjacent joints. To test these predictions, in vivo patterns of muscle activation, strain, and str...

Introduction: In recent years the understanding and comprehension of elbow has improved, clarifying some aspects complex diarthrodial joint. The relevance radial head in biomechanics is recognized which helps to improve management treatment fractures at this site. Elbow trauma most common origin proximal radius fractures, can be direct or indirect cause an isolated fracture, a fracture associat...