in females, the most common cancer is breast carcinoma in which squamous cell carcinoma (scc) is a rare type of malignancy. histologically, infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most common type and lobular, mucinous, and medullary types have lower incidence. pure scc of the breast can originate from the skin, nipple, or epithelium of a deep‑seated dermoid cyst or squamous metaplasia on chronic ...

PURPOSE Lobular carcinoma, the second most frequent type of breast cancer, accounts for 8-14% of all invasive breast cancers and presents a wide spectrum of differences from tumors of ductal origin. Its cytomorphologic features can create diagnostic problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the cytological and immunocytological features that support the diagnosis of lobular breast can...

Solitary metastasis from breast carcinoma to the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon finding. We describe a female patient with a solitary jejunal metastasis from an undiagnosed breast cancer who presented to the emergency department with a bowel obstruction. Abdominal surgery was performed, revealing a jejunal stenosis from a metastatic lobular carcinoma. The primary tumor in the left breast...

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in breast cancer allows for a more thorough pathologic assessment with serial sectioning and cytokeratin staining. This has resulted in increased detection of micrometastatic disease (tumor size < 2 mm) in the SLN. Unfortunately, the value of completion axillary dissection after finding micrometastatic disease in the SLN remains poorly defined. Over a 2-year per...

Incidence rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) have increased rapidly over the past several decades largely due to the increased use of mammography. However, recent data from 1987 to 1999 indicate that invasive ductal carcinoma incidence rates have remained essentially constant, whereas rates of invasive lobular carcinoma have increased 65%, with greater...

Invasive lobular carcinoma is a distinct biological entity with several histologic variants the prognostic value of which is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progedterone receptors (PR) in subtypes of lobular breast carcinoma (classic and variant types) and to correlate them with clinical and tumor par...

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Lobular carcinoma is the second most common type of breast neoplasia and has unique clinical and pathological features. Our aim was to evaluate prognostic factors for this type of breast cancer. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective study at a tertiary oncological institution. METHODS 162 patients diagnosed and treated between January 1985 and January 2002 were included. Th...

Incidence rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) have increased rapidly over the past several decades largely due to the increased use of mammography. However, recent data from 1987 to 1999 indicate that invasive ductal carcinoma incidence rates have remained essentially constant, whereas rates of invasive lobular carcinoma have increased 65%, with greater...

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for approximately 10% of all breast carcinomas and is characterized by higher levels of androgen receptor (AR) compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Despite this potentially androgen-responsive environment, the combined importance of AR and androgen metabolism in non-neoplastic lobules and lobular carcinoma remains unknown. Therefore, in this stu...