Under critical situation the main preoccupation of expert engineers is to assure power system security and to deliver power to the consumer within the desired index power quality. The total generation cost taken as a secondary strategy. This paper presents an efficient decomposed GA to enhance the solution of the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) with non-smooth cost function and under severe loading co...

Capillary electrophoresis–electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) has emerged as a powerful tool for the analysis of charged compounds in biological samples [1–3]. CE–MS can be used for the characterization of a wide variety of analytes, e.g., metabolites, peptides, glycans and intact proteins [4–6]. So far, the co-axial sheath–liquid interface has been primarily used for the coup...

Beyond any doubt, we can consider century 21st as the one devoted to renewable energy. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) (IEA, 2009) renewable sources shall provide about 35% of the European Union’s (EU) electricity by 2020, and within this context, wind energy is set to contribute the most nearly 35% of all the power coming from renewable sources. This evolution is based on su...

Secure and reliable operation of complex interactive power networks poses significant theoretical and practical challenges in analysis, modeling, simulation, prediction, control, and optimization. In addition, mathematical models of such interactive systems are typically vague (or may not even exist); moreover, existing and classical methods of solution are either unavailable, or are not suffic...

This report describes power system component and system modelling for voltage stability studies, as well as a protection system against voltage collapse installed in Sweden. The importance of detailed and accurate models for dynamic loads, tap changer control, generator current limiters and distribution systems is demonstrated in the paper. The necessity to go into details and to do experiments...