Functionalized atomic force microscope tips were used to sense specific forces of interaction between ligand-receptor pairs and to map the positions of polysaccharides on a living microbial cell surface. Gold-coated tips were functionalized with concanavalin A using a cross-linker with a spacer arm of 15.6 A. It was possible to measure the binding force between concanavalin A and mannan polymer...

Generating shared task initiatives in the user-modelling, adaptation and personalization (UMAP) space is difficult, especially given individual difference, privacy concerns and the interactive nature of the space. We put forward that the living labs evaluation paradigm, i.e., observing users in their natural task environments, has potential to overcome these difficulties and to allow for compar...

(2012). Exploring " home " at an assisted living facility: Looking through residents' lenses with Photovoice.

To quantify the diffusion constant of small molecules in the plant cell wall, fluorescence from carboxyfluorescein (CF) in the intact roots of Arabidopsis thaliana was recorded. Roots were immersed in a solution of the fluorescent dye and viewed through a confocal fluorescence microscope. These roots are sufficiently transparent that much of the apoplast can be imaged. The diffusion coefficient...

Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (XETs) cleave and then re-join xyloglucan chains and may thus contribute to both wall-assembly and wall-loosening. The present experiments demonstrate the simultaneous occurrence in vivo of two types of interpolymeric transglycosylation: "integrational" (in which a newly secreted xyloglucan reacts with a previously wall-bound one) and "restructuring" (in which o...

Solid-state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the following intact plant tissues were recorded by the crosspolarization magic-angle spinning technique: celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma; carob bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), and nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) endosperm; and lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.) seed cotyledons. All th...

background & objective: abdominal cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules are uncommon lesions which may be benign or malignant. majority of the malignant nodules are metastatic in origin and may be the initial presentation of primary malignancy, hence an early diagnosis is important. our aim was to find out the spectrum of lesions (both non-neoplastic and neoplastic) that present as cutaneous a...

introduction: considering schizophrenic patients’ problems with living skills, it seems necessary to evaluate these skills in this group of patients. in the present study, the kohlman evaluation of living skills (kels), developed by linda thomson kohlman at seattle, washington (1978), was first translated into persian and then its reliability and validity was determined. materials & methods: to...

Electroporation can be used in living tissues in order to enhance the penetration of drugs or DNA plasmids or to destroy undesirable cells and it is typically performed by applying pulsed high voltages across needle electrodes. When used for ablation, it is often claimed that, in contrast with thermal ablation techniques, electroporation is not significantly impacted by the presence of large bl...

Plant development results from controlled cell divisions, structural modifications, and reorganizations of the cell wall. Thereby, regulation of cell wall behaviour takes place at multiple length scales involving compositional and architectural aspects in addition to various developmental and/or environmental factors. The physical properties of the primary wall are largely determined by the nat...