BACKGROUND The γ-proteobacterium Francisella tularensis is the etiologic agent of seasonal tick-transmitted tularemia epizootics in rodents and rabbits and of incidental infections in humans. The biology of F. tularensis in its tick vectors has not been fully described, particularly with respect to its quanta and duration of colonization, tissue dissemination, and transovarial transmission. A s...

The broad objective of the research presented here is to develop a noncatalytic plasmid maintenance system for the stabilization of multicopy expression plasmids encoding foreign antigens in a Salmonella typhi live-vector vaccine strain such as CVD 908-htrA. We have enhanced the maintenance of expression plasmids at two independent levels. First, we removed dependence upon balanced-lethal maint...

background and aims: since the produced recombinant proteins by molecular genetics techniques commonly have some limitations in the application, chimeric protein are introduced. chimeric proteins have found widespread application for the study of protein folding, structure stability, function and immunogenisity. methods: according to the known immunomodulatory effect and structure of hsp70 mole...

To date, there are no proven vaccines against any form of leishmaniasis. The development of live attenuated vectors shows promise in the field of Leishmania vaccination because these organisms mimic more effectively the course of real infections and can elicit potent activation of the immune system. In the present study, we investigated the potential of a parasitic protozoan that is nonpathogen...

Several live attenuated Shigella vaccines of different serotypes have been shown to be safe, immunogenic, and in one case effective against challenge with virulent strains. The ability to invade epithelial cells remains critical for the success of these vaccine candidates. Live, orally administered Shigella vaccine derivatives are also being evaluated as multivalent mucosal vaccines able to del...

During the last few years, the use of type III secretion system-based bacterial vectors for immunotherapy purposes has been assessed in various applications. We showed that a type III secretion-based Pseudomonas aeruginosa vector delivering the ovalbumin (OVA) antigen induced an efficient specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte immune response against OVA-expressing cells. Because of the intrinsic toxicity ...

This paper explores live coding environments in the context of notational systems. The improvisational practice of live coding as combining both composition and performance is introduced and selected systems are discussed. The author’s Threnoscope system is described, but this is a system that enables the performer to work with both descriptive and prescriptive scores that can be run and altere...

In this paper, we present some preliminary studies on reducing the emittance of the Hefei light source II (HLS-II) storage ring by redistributing the synchrotron damping partition factor using a Robinson wiggler. The studies demonstrate that it is possible to reduce the emittance by 50% using a 2-meter long wiggler on a rematched lattice. This encouraging result suggests a feasible option to si...

background: crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a severe tick-born illness caused by the cchfv. ruminant animals are the main host to ticks, and ticks are a vector of cchf. therefore, this survey was carried out in 2013 on ticks of khouzistan province, in the southwest of iran, to specify tick species parasitizing live stocks and their seasonal population dynamics. materials and methods: ...

In England and Wales, 53% of live births were born within marriage in 2013, compared to 59% in 2003 and 93% in 1963 [1] . The average age at marriage has increased and more children are born to women older than 30 years. In the UK, there were 2.0 million lone parents with dependent children in 2015. This figure has grown steadily from 1.9 million in 2005. Lone parents with dependent children re...