For the simulation of protocols and algorithms of mobile devices, an ideal energy source, i.e. a battery with linear charge and discharge characteristics, is often assumed. However, real batteries like lithium-ion cells show nonlinear behavior, taking Rate Capacity Effect and Recovery Effect into account. The battery model presented by Rakhmatov and Vrudhula models non-linear battery behavior a...

With respect to the limitations of fossil energy resources, different types of electric vehicles (EVs) are developed as suitable alternatives. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells play an extremely important role in EVs due to their unique features. But they need a thermal management system (TMS) to maintain their surface temperature uniformity and avoid them from thermal runaways. In the current...

The demand for next generation of lithium based batteries with higher capacity and rate as well as increased cycle and calendar life requires new lithium storage and transfer mechanisms beyond what current lithium ion battery technique could provide. In lithium based battery, the lithium ions are stored in electrode materials either by physically intercalating (e.g. LiCoC2) or chemically alloyi...

Introduction With the goal of promoting energy conservation and exploring forms of energy alternative to petrified sources, as well as of reducing environmental burden, much effort has been spent on developing new breeds of vehicles. These include Hybrid vehicles (HV) that run on a combined system of a fossil fuel engine and an electric motor, Plug-in HVs (PHVs) that allow recharging of the in-...

Room temperature ionic liquids are considered as potential electrolytes for high performance and safe lithium batteries due to their very low vapor pressure and relatively wide electrochemical and thermal stability windows. Unlike organic electrolytes, ionic liquid electrolytes are molten salts at room temperature with dissociated cations and anions. These dissociated ions interfere with the tr...

Introduction Batteries with lithium-ion chemistry are the preferred candidate to power hybrid and electric vehicles (HEVs), due to their high power density (up to 150 Wh/kg), short charging time, minimal memory effects and selfdischarge (around 5% per month), and long cycling life [1]. Nonetheless, thermal management of large-scale lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries during high current charge and d...

Battery management systems in hybrid electric vehicle battery packs must estimate values descriptive of the pack’s present operating condition. These include: battery state of charge, power fade, capacity fade, and instantaneous available power. The estimation mechanism must adapt to changing cell characteristics as cells age and therefore provide accurate estimates over the lifetime of the pac...

Battery EnergyVolume 2, Issue 3 12109 COVEROpen Access Back Cover Image, Volume 3, May 2023 First published: 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.12109AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use check box below share version article.I have read accept the Wiley Online Library UseSharea...