This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. tinctorius leaves by measuring inflammatory parameters such as nitric oxide (NO) production and mRNA expression iNOS, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HaCaT cells. Further, effect ethanol extract on MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway was examined The phytochemical profile determined using UPLC-QTOF-MS/M...

Quercetin-3-glucuronide (Q3GA), the main phase II metabolite of quercetin (Q) in human plasma, is considered to be a more stable form Q for transport with bloodstream tissues, where it can potentially deconjugated by β-glucuronidase (β-Gluc) aglycone, which easily enters brain. This study evaluates effect lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute inflammation on β-Gluc gene expression choroid plex...

objective: macrophages influence their environment and surrounding immune cells as soon as stimulators affect them. different sources of macrophages induce different reactions in their neighboring immune cells,which result in non-uniform immunologic outcomes. in this experimental research, we compare the behavior of peritoneal macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulation from balb/cmice ...

Periodontitis (PD) is known to be one of most prevalent worldwide chronic inflammatory diseases. There are several treatments including antibiotics for PD; however, since drug resistance is an increasing problem, new drugs particularly derived from plants with fewer side effects are required. The effects of trans-anethole on IL-1 β and TNF-α level in a rat model of PD were investigated and comp...

Periodontitis (PD) is known to be one of most prevalent worldwide chronic inflammatory diseases. There are several treatments including antibiotics for PD; however, since drug resistance is an increasing problem, new drugs particularly derived from plants with fewer side effects are required. The effects of trans-anethole on IL-1 β and TNF-α level in a rat model of PD were investigated and comp...

The present study investigated the effects of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced mastitis model in rat on the activity of antioxidant enzyme systems. To achieve this purpose, E. coli LPS were infused into the mammary gland of 12 rats 72 hr postpartum and compared with 12 rats in control group infused intramammary placebo sterile pyrogene – free, physiological saline. The...

Vechur cattle, an indigenous breed of Kerala and it is the smallest cattle in world. They are highly disease resistant. The occurrence mastitis very Rare this as compared to crossbred cattle. Rearing these more cost effective they require less feed. Therefore, characterisation factors involved immune system breeds might provide insight into mechanisms variation resistance. Toll-like receptors (...

Objective(s):Gingivitis is an inflammatory disease that affects tooth-supporting tissues and is caused by a microbe-immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on immune system regulation and the prevention and treatment of gingivitis using an animal model. Materials and Methods: Gingival inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injectio...

Under the influence of many factors, such as cytokines or chemokines, macrophages specialize into two subpopulations: pro-inflammatory M1 (classical pathway) anti-inflammatory M2 (alternative pathway). Upon stimulation with bacterial ligand PAM3CSK4 and upon LPS (Lipopolysaccharide), TLR (toll-like receptors) 1/2 receptors TLR4, respectively, activate NFκB pathway, which leads to downregulation...