Techniques to extract focus properties of microscopy images are many and varied. Many of them, however, rely on the summation of local statistical properties. Presented here is an examination of conventional focus determination algorithms, and a new method based on planar histograms of these local statistical properties. It is shown that this new method provides finer discernment of the focus p...

The major contribution of this paper is the application of modern analysis techniques to the important Message Passing Interface standard, work done in order to obtain information useful in designing both application programmer interfaces for objectoriented languages, and message passing systems. Recognition of \Design Patterns" within MPI is an important discernment of this work. A further con...

The recent plethora of sequenced genomes has just ushered in a new era of genetics-based research. Although an impressive number of species have been, or are planned to be sequenced, the full value of such efforts will be fully accrued when patterns of variation can be discerned and annotated for many strains or isolates within a given species. As such, bacteria are an ideal place to start inve...

Consider the following line of thinking. For islands that are small and isolated, extinction is an authentic element of their biological integrity. A critical purpose of a park is to protect biological integrity. From those two points it would be best to refrain from conserving wolf predation as an ecological process in Isle Royale National Park and allow Isle Royale wolves to go extinct—if tha...

Through a process of action research with non-religious organization, this article provides foundation for the characteristics secular discernment process. Importantly, we argue that can be conceptualized as entwined individual unlearning and collective relearning. Our study contributes to both literatures by unpacking how encourages – which our suggests entails ‘setting aside’ reflexive-distan...