Silica presents a particularly challenging problem to the Silica remains one of the most common and problematic components in cane sugar juice evaporator scale. The relationship between silica concentration in clear juice and its precipitation in the evaporator train is considered. Methods of reducing silica levels in clear juice through changes in the extraction conditions are investigated thr...

Recent experimental data indicate that the strengthening or weakening of synaptic connections between neurons depends on the relative timing of preand postsynaptic action potentials. A Hebbian synaptic modification rule based on these data leads to a stable state in which the excitatory and inhibitory inputs to a neuron are balanced, producing an irregular pattern of firing. It has been propose...

In preparation for defecation clarification of raw or mixed juice, the juice is screened, heated, limed and flashed, while the flowrate of juice to the clarification process is carefully controlled. Despite the potential for enhancement or optimisation in each.of these pre-treatment areas, the past 50 years of South African Sugar Technologists' Association (SAST~) proceedings offer only six pap...

Extracellular Vesicles In article number 2211664, Yuehua Liu, Lin Yu, Liming and co-workers, design a hypoxic treatment strategy to increase extracellular vesicles (EVs) production boost their therapeutic efficacy. An injectable bioactive hydrogel is developed improve the in vivo stability retention of EVs, thereby synergistically accelerating bone regeneration. This simple but effective expect...

Liming is a common practice used to improve acidic soil properties, as essential for agricultural quality. A long-term field experiment with one lime rate (6000 kg/ha of carbonate calcium equivalent) and three calcium-based liming amendments (gypsum, limestone sugar foam) was maintained on Typic Palexerult 10 years in order determine changes acidity assess the effects crop (rye) yields. The con...

Silvopastoral systems play an important role in climate change mitigation, considering their effect on soil carbon sequestration. In silvopastoral systems, sewage sludge can be used as fertiliser, which is promoted by the Circular Economy Package of European Commission. This study evaluates chemical properties (pH, carbon), tree growth (top height, canopy cover), and interactions from 1998 to 2...