Since the introduction in 1933 (Kluyver and Perquin, 1933) of the shaker flask method of culturing fungi this technique has found widespread use in fungus physiology (Foster, 1949). It was used for spore germination studies by Davies et al. (1948) and Mandels and Norton (1948). The measurement of antifungal activity, however, has been accomplished by the more conventional methods making use of ...

A functional kinetic model is developed to describe the activation gating process of the Shaker potassium channel. The modeling in this paper is constrained by measurements described in the preceding two papers, including macroscopic ionic and gating currents and single channel ionic currents. These data were obtained from the normally activating wild-type channel as well as a mutant channel V2...

In this paper diierent algorithms for training multi-layer perceptron architecture are applied to a signiicant discrimination task in High Energy Physics. The One-Step Secant technique is compared with On-Line Backpropagation, the \Bold Driver" batch version and Conjugate Gradient methods. In addition, a new algorithm (AAne Shaker) is proposed that uses stochastic search based on function value...

The potassium channels encoded by the Drosophila Shaker gene activate and inactivate rapidly when the membrane potential becomes more positive. Site-directed mutagenesis and single-channel patch-clamp recording were used to explore the molecular transitions that underlie inactivation in Shaker potassium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. A region near the amino terminus with an important ro...

The activation of Shaker K+ channels is steeply voltage dependent. To determine whether conserved charged amino acids in putative transmembrane segments S2, S3, and S4 contribute to the gating charge of the channel, the total gating charge movement per channel was measured in channels containing neutralization mutations. Of eight residues tested, four contributed significantly to the gating cha...

Vibration testing is widely accepted as a method to improve product quality by identifying structural weaknesses. Historically, single axis, single shaker testing is the method of choice. This is largely due to the lack of economical and effective test hardware and control software. Significant advances have been made in both arenas, resulting in test equipment design that permits multiple shak...

Main result. It is well known that of all surfaces surrounding an area with a given volume V, the sphere has the smallest area. This result explains, e.g., why a soap bubble tends to become a sphere. More than a hundred years ago, the Belgian physicist J. Plateaux asked a similar question: what is the least area surface enclosing two equal volumes? Physical experiments with bubbles seem to indi...

In [4], stability of bubble clusters is characterized in terms of a quadratic form defined on the surfaces, which is then used to prove that the nonstandard double bubble is unstable. Since quadratic forms are often analyzed using eigenvalue methods, it seems natural to investigate the eigenvalue problem which arises from such a quadratic form. We will look at a specific example of a problem re...

A designed lightweight experimental shaker successfully used to collect ornamental oranges has been tested harvest fresh market citrus. The aim of this study was evaluate the removal efficiency and operational times device compared an orchard trunk shaker. Three different collecting systems were studied. ‘Caracara’ citrus trees tested. Removal efficiency, vibration parameters, fruit tree damage...