1. Abstract With many secondary-level curricula being updated to incorporate a larger amount of computer science concepts, there is a need to identify sufficient ways to teach these concepts within languages commonly used at the appropriate age levels. Currently, languages like Alice, Scratch and Greenfoot, among many others, are both freely available and widely used to teach aspects such as pr...

many people believe that language teaching is a neutral practice. however, this belief is not without its own opponents. to many scholars, teaching languages cannot be devoid of teaching cultural values of the target language, which tacitly aims at denigrating cultural values of the community of the learners who are learning it. the ultimate purpose of such cultural oppression, according to the...

The canonical front form Hamiltonian for non-Abelian SU(N) gauge theory in 3+1 dimensions is mapped non-perturbatively on an e ective Hamiltonian which acts only in the Fock space of a quark and an antiquark. The approach is based on the novel method of iterated resolvents and on discretized light-cone quantization, driven to the continuum limit. It is free of the usual Tamm-Danco truncations o...

Communication tools make the world like a small village, and as a consequence people can contact with others who are from different societies or who speak different languages. This communication cannot happen effectively without Machine-Translation because they can be found anytime and everywhere. There are a number of studies that have developed Machine-Translation for the English language wit...

We consider Parikh images of languages accepted by non-deterministic finite automata and context-free grammars; in other words, we treat the languages in a commutative way — we do not care about the order of letters in the accepted word, but rather how many times each one of them appears. In most cases we assume that the alphabet is of fixed size. We show tight complexity bounds for problems li...

the glorious prophetic parables, as part of the islamic parables, contain the expressions so impressive and delightful that indicate the splendid eloquence of the blessed prophet. these parables _ which have strong context, novel concept, and firm style, and originated from a dynamic and profound thought and have many advantages _ indicate that the blessed prophet spoke in perfect eloquence and...