Crustose lichen communities on rocks exhibit fascinating spatial mosaics resembling political maps of nations or municipalities. Although the establishment and development of biological populations are important themes in ecology, our understanding of the formation of such patterns on the rocks is still in its infancy. Here, we present a novel model of the concurrent growth, establishment and i...

The ages of a fruticose lichen of Usnea aurantiacoatra (Jacq.) Bory, from Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Southwest Antarctic, were determined by radiocarbon (14C), and it is 1993-1996 at bottom and 2006-2007 at top of the lichen branch. The growth rates of U. aurantiacoatra calculated are 4.3 to 5.5 mm year(-1) based on its length and ages. The comparisons show that the growth rates of U...

Internet search for vulva melanoma revealed typical examples from several countries. The descriptions revealed the parameters such as the presentation at late stage among post-menopausal women with associated lichen sclerosus as well as the Caucasians having a 3-fold higher incidence rate than the individuals of African descent. Therefore, a single case found in a Nigerian among a cohort of ove...

Fenton’s or modified Fenton’s procedure is performed to widen the introitus in women with superficial dyspareunia secondary to scarring. The narrowing of introitus could be due to scarring secondary to perineal tears during childbirth or from conditions such as lichen sclerosus or vestibulitis. Though Fenton’s procedure is more familiar with day to day gynaecological practice, very few papers w...

A 49-year-old woman with generalised lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and morphoea developed bilateral Brown's syndrome. Some of the skin lesions were in the vicinity of the trochlea. A characteristic feature of morphoea is subcutaneous fibrosis, so we postulate that the cause of the Brown's syndrome was mechanical tethering of the superior oblique tendon by deep subdermal fibrosis. Histopatholog...

CONTEXT It is well recognized that the presence of a foreskin predisposes to penile carcinoma and sexually transmitted infections. We have investigated the relationship between the presence or absence of the foreskin and penile dermatoses. OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is an association between circumcision and penile dermatoses. DESIGN A retrospective case control study of patients ...