purpose: to assess parameters that had a capability of influencing the rate of big bubble formation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (dalk) in keratoconus. methods: a total of 290 consecutive eyes from 257 patients with keratoconus that underwent dalk using the big-bubble technique were enrolled. the influence of patient age and sex, family history of keratoconus, history of contact l...

in the process of vermicomposting, the earthworms eisenia fetida have been exposed to various metals with different concentrations to study the effects on worms’ bioaccumulation. the study was carried within 14 days of exposure. five different chemical compounds in various concentrations were added as mixture solutions to the experimental containers. metals concentrations were measured in earth...

objectives: the purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the efficacy of low level laser therapy (lllt) for pain reduction after midpalatal expansion in rats.   materials and methods: sixty male sprague six-week old rats weighing 180±10g were divided into seven groups (two experimental groups of 24 rats and one control group of 12 rats). the experimental groups were subjected to expan...

objective: mechanical plaque removal namely tooth brushing is the most commonly used oral hygiene technique. efficacy of tooth brushing is influenced by the design and shape of toothbrush. this study aimed to compare the efficacy of two common iranian toothbrushes with a foreign made one in plaque removal.   methods: this clinical trial was conducted on 30 female dental students in babol univer...

background: this study was done to determine the prevalence of publication misconduct among iranian authors. methods: data were collected through an email survey of corresponding authors of papers published in iranian journals indexed in scopus during 2009-2011. using the double list experiment, these individuals were indirectly questioned about committing one of the five misconducts including ...

the present study aim is to offer a systematic method of assessing the credit risk of banks and also to identify key indicators using decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (dematel) technique as well as using logit regression in order to predict the credit risk of listed banks. the population of the study consists of the legal clients of the bank (ansar bank, bank saderat iran, bank m...

background: cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is one of the most important health problems in different regions of iran that occurs both in zoonotic and anthroponotic forms in different foci of iran. the khuzistan province, located in the south west of iran in vicinity of the persian gulf, is one of the oldest susceptible foci for cl in iran. objectives: due to the lack of information about the cond...

mathematical simulation of flow toward drains is an important and indispensable stage in drainage design and management. many related models have been developed, but most of them simulate the saturated flow toward drains without a due consideration of the unsaturated zone. in this study, the two dimensional differential equation governing saturated and unsaturated flow in porous media is numeri...

an experiment was conducted to determine apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein (cp) and amino acids (aa) and digestible cp and aa of fish meal (fm) in 21-d-old broiler chickens using the regression technique. four diets containing 0, 1, 2, and 3% fm in place of cornstarch were formulated with fm as the sole contributor of cp and aas in the sequential diets. eighty 14-d-old broiler chick...

nowadays, robots account for most part of our lives in such a way that it is impossible for usto do many of affairs without them. increasingly, the application of robots is developing fastand their functions become more sensitive and complex. one of the important requirements ofrobot use is a reliable software operation. for enhancement of reliability, it is a necessity todesign the fault toler...