Abstract This paper investigates the production of Persian–English bilingual compound verbs (BCVs) type [VERB+VERB]. In this code-switched structure, a lexical verb from donor language English is combined with light native Persian. We tested hypothesis that in BCVs occupy nominal slots monolingual Persian complex predicates [NOMINAL+VERB]. Two methodologies were used. A conversational-corpus an...

In English (1) tense is marked both on auxiliary do and the lexical verb. In (2), is occurs in two positions. In (3), the functional element no is realized in a relative clause, even though adult Japanese has no overt functional morpheme in this position. In (4), the ‘bound noun’ kes is likewise realized in a relative clause, even though no morpheme appears in this position in adult Korean. The...

Uncertainty is an important linguistic phenomenon that is relevant in various Natural Language Processing applications, in diverse genres from medical to community generated, newswire or scientific discourse, and domains from science to humanities. The semantic uncertainty of a proposition can be identified in most cases by using a finite dictionary (i.e., lexical cues) and the key steps of unc...

Reading utilises at least two neural pathways. The temporal lexical route visually maps whole words to their lexical entries, whilst the nonlexical route decodes words phonologically via parietal cortex. Readers typically employ the lexical route for familiar words, but poor comprehension plus precocity at mechanically 'sounding out' words suggests that differences might exist in autism. Combin...

The Minimalist Grammars (MGs) proposed by Stabler(1997) have tree-shaped derivations (Harkema, 2001b; Michaelis, 2001a). As in categorial grammars, each lexical item is an association between a vocabulary element and complex of features, and so the “yields” or “fringes” of the derivation trees are sequences of these lexical items, and the string parts of these lexical items are reordered in the...

Current supervised parsers are limited by the size of their labelled training data, making improving them with unlabelled data an important goal. We show how a state-of-theart CCG parser can be enhanced, by predicting lexical categories using unsupervised vector-space embeddings of words. The use of word embeddings enables our model to better generalize from the labelled data, and allows us to ...

0. Proposal. A central debate in the study of phrase structure concerns the nature of functional projections which dominate lexical ones. At one extreme is the position, advocated by Cinque (1999, 2002), that grammars employ a universal set of functional categories and that their number and relative order is the same across languages, regardless of properties of the lexical head. At the other e...

This paper aims to present the methodology and guidelines for annotation in CKIP Chinese Treebank. Under the framework of the Information-based Case grammar (ICG), a lexical feature-based grammar formalism, which stipulates each lexical item containing both syntactic and semantic information, the potential phrasal heads of input are located and the semantic relations between words are also iden...

In this survey, we give an overview over some aspects of the set of tilting objects in an $m-$cluster category, with focus on those properties which are valid for all $m geq 1$. We focus on the following three combinatorial aspects: modeling the set of tilting objects using arcs in certain polygons, the generalized assicahedra of Fomin and Reading, and colored quiver mutation.