OBJECTS Beta tricalciumphosphate pellets loaded with individualized antibiotics may represent novel options in the treatment of osteomyelitis and infectious bone disease. Here, the in vitro antibiotic elution of vancomycin and gentamicin from the synthetic bone graft substitutes Cerasorb(®) and Cerasorb M(®) was tested. METHODS Antibiotic elution and concentration of gentamcin and vancomycin ...

BACKGROUND A high level of resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed against penicillins, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and quinolones, and recent surveillance data have shown a gradual reduction in sensitivity to current first-line agents with an upward drift in the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftriaxone. Laboratory sensitivity testing suggests that gentamicin, an aminoglycosid...

Rats made neutropenic with cyclophosphamide were infected intraperitoneally with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The challenge organism was killed synergistically in vitro by the combination of gentamicin and carbenicillin. Untreated neutropenic rats infected with 3 x 10(6)Pseudomonas died between days 2 and 7, and the overall mortality was 70%. Groups of infected neutropenic rats were treated intramus...

OBJECTIVE This study tests the usefulness of ceftriaxone combined with ampicillin as an alternative to ampicillin plus gentamicin for the treatment of experimental endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis without high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. It also determines whether adding ceftriaxone to ampicillin and gentamicin increases the effectiveness against experimental enterococcal endo...

In patients with impaired renal function, careful adjustment of gentamicin dosage is required to achieve therapeutic yet nontoxic concentrations. Two regimens that differ in pharmacodynamic characteristics have been recommended for this purpose: prolonging the intervals between administration of equal doses (variable frequency regimen [VFR]) or administering a loading dose followed at the usual...

OBJECTIVE Patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) often present with serious bacterial infections requiring the use of antibiotic treatment. Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic, whose ototoxicity remains a major problem in clinical use. The objective of this study was to determine whether radiation exposure can influence gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. STUDY DESIGN Prospecti...

Nephrotoxicity is often underestimated because renal clearance in animals is higher compared to in humans. This paper aims to illustrate the potential to fill in such pharmacokinetic gaps between animals and humans using a microfluidic kidney model. As an initial demonstration, we compare nephrotoxicity of a drug, administered at the same total dosage, but using different pharmacokinetic regime...

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used in more than 1,000 infants in 50 centers in the United States. The extracorporeal circuit contains approximately 400 ml of blood, an amount exceeding the blood volume of most full-term neonates. The effect of this additional blood volume on drug disposition is unknown. In this study, we determined the pharmacokinetic parameters of gentami...

This paper describes a possible application of luminescent Escherichia coli activated by blood serum for high-sensitivity and high-specificity assays of antibiotics in solutions. Antibiotics inhibited luminescence of a genetically engineered E. coli strain; the system sensitivity to some antibiotics grew notably after the cells had been preactivated by blood serum. The highest level of sensitiv...

We isolated 11 nonconjugative plasmids mediating resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, including gentamicin, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Their genetic properties were investigated in both P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli transformants. The plasmid molecular weights ranged from 11 x 10(6) to 24 x 10(6). A low level or complete absence of gentamicin resistance was observed when the...