INTRODUCTION As originally described by Miles (1), abdominoperineal excision (APE) has long been the standard treatment for tumors of the middle and lower rectum. It achieves the greatest possible distal margin of resection by removing the anus in continuity with the rectum. Total mesorectal excision (TME), recommended by Heald et al. (2), has led to a decrease in perineal amputation numbers an...

Patients with facial nerve palsy are at risk of developing corneal ulceration because of lagophthalmos (incomplete closure of the affected eyelid). Lagophthalmos could result from thixotropy of the levator palpebrae muscle--that is, the formation of tight crossbridges between the actin and myosin filaments of the muscle fibres causing stiffness of the muscle--rather than from paralysis of the o...

In l-month-old male rats the levator ani muscle was crushed and allowed to regenerate. The main questions were whether or not the course of regeneration is similar to that of limb muscles and whether or not the regenerating levator ani muscle is sensitive to the effects of testosterone. Regeneration was followed in three groups of rats: castrated, normal, and testosterone-treated. Histological ...

OBJECTIVE Identify and describe the separate appearance of 5 levator ani muscle subdivisions seen in axial, coronal, and sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan planes. METHODS Magnetic resonance scans of 80 nulliparous women with normal pelvic support were evaluated. Characteristic features of each Terminologia Anatomica-listed levator ani component were determined for each scan plane...

Repeated deliveries might disturb the levator function and increase defecation disorders. In this prospective study, we determined the electric activity of the levator ani muscle (LAM) in nullipara, multipara, grand multipara, and great grand multipara (20 subjects for each group). Multiparity, grand multiparity, and great grand multiparity were defined as women having 2 - 5, 6 - 9, and 10 and ...

Abstract. Defective pelvic organ support due to injuries of the levator ani is a common problem in women and its intervention requires a thorough understanding of the structure. Three-dimensional surfaces of the levator ani have proved to be a promising method of studying this. In this paper, we propose to build a statistical shape model (SSM) of the levator ani and describe a segmentation tech...

Previous research is equivocal regarding whether startle reflex eyeblink is specifically sensitive to the emotion of fear, or is more generally influenced by the valence dimension of emotion. Thirty-five undergraduate participants (17 male) viewed 60 pictures from five affective categories (pleasant, neutral, fear, disgust-blood, and disgust-other). Bilateral eyeblink EMG responses to acoustic ...

Understanding of the dynamic behaviour of the levator ani is important to the assessment of pelvic floor dysfunction. Whilst shape modelling allows the depiction of 3D morphological variation of the levator ani between different patient groups, it is insufficient to determine the underlying behaviour of how the muscle deforms during contraction and strain. The purpose of this study is to perfor...

THE text-book description of the anatomy of the upper eyelid with particular reference to the septum orbitale (palpebral fascia) and especially the insertion of the levator muscle is unnecessarily vague or complicated from the surgical point of view. Thus the septum orbitale is described by some authors as arising from the orbital margin and ending where it blends with the aponeurosis of the le...

Surgery to create eyelid folds accounts for the highest percentage of surgeries in Asians and Koreans who receive the surgery on the upper eyelid 2 to 3 times during their lifetimes for functional or cosmetic reasons. Patients are generally satisfied with the results-the eyes becoming brighter and bigger via the improvement of pseudoptosis by fold creation. The recent trend is to seek the "perf...