California mastitis test (CMT), direct leukocytes counts and bacteriological examination were performed on 630 milk samples from apparently healthy mammary glands of dairy goats comprising a mixed population of German Alpine, Toggenberg, Saanen and Galla crosses to find the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 9.8% according to CMT, 9.7% according to di...

Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) has been shown to elicit an inflammatory response that is characterized by an increased production of reactive oxygen species, and the rolling, firm adhesion, and transendothelial migration of leukocytes in postcapillary venules. A rate-determining role for leukocyte-endothelial cell (L/E) adhesion in the initiation and propagation of reperfusion injury is support...

OBJECTIVES HIV disease can lead to accelerated telomere attrition, although certain drugs used as part of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can inhibit telomerase reverse transcriptase activity. This could in turn lead to shorter telomeres. We hypothesized that HIV and ART exposure would be associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length (TL) in exposed mother/infant pairs compared with controls. ...

background: exercise and consumption of green tea affect the aging process. however, the effect of exercise training combined with green tea extract on leukocyte telomere length, quality of life (qol) and body composition in aging has so far been unclear and inconsistent. objective: the aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of aerobic training intervention and green tea ex...

BACKGROUND Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy has been shown to have therapeutic benefit in more than 50 inflammatory and immune-related diseases; however, the potential benefit of IVIg in cardiovascular disease is more limited, in part because our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of IVIg in innate immunity is incomplete. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, a syste...

Targeting the endothelial adhesion molecules that control leukocyte trafficking into a tissue has been explored as a biological therapy for inflammatory diseases. However, these molecules also participate in leukocyte migration for immune surveillance, and inhibiting the physiological level of an adhesion molecule might promote infection or malignancy. We explored the concept of targeting endot...

Celiac disease is a complex polygenic systemic disorder caused by dietary gluten exposure that selectively occurs in genetically susceptible people. The potential celiac defined the presence of disease-specific antibodies and compatible human leukocyte antigen but without histological abnormalities duodenal biopsies. At present, only treatment lifelong adherence to gluten-free diet. Despite its...

Variations in the amount of zinc in human blood cells have been correlated with several diseases and morphological features. In 1949, Vallee and Gibson observed that in pernicious anemia erythrocyte zinc is elevated to a degree even exceeding what might be related to macrocytosis (1). A correlation of carbonic anhydrase activity with erythrocyte zinc content was demonstrated (2, 3). Subsequent ...

BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and therapeutic inhibition of leukocyte migration with natalizumab, an anti-alpha4 integrin antibody, is highly effective in patients with MS. Recent studies performed in experimental animal models with relevance to human disease suggested a key role for blood-brain barrier damage and leukocyte ...

Adhesive interactions of leukocytes and endothelial cells initiate leukocyte migration to inflamed tissue and are important for immune surveillance. Acute and chronic inflammatory diseases show a dysregulated immune response and result in a massive efflux of leukocytes that contributes to further tissue damage. Therefore, targeting leukocyte trafficking may provide a potent form of anti-inflamm...