BACKGROUND Recurrent legionella outbreaks at one and the same location are common. We have identified a single Legionella pneumophila genotype associated with recurrent Legionella outbreaks over 6 years. METHODS Field emergency surveys following Legionella outbreaks were performed on a vessel in 2008, 2009 and 2013. Water samples from both the distribution and technical parts of the potable w...

The 1976 outbreak of Legionnaires' disease led to the discovery of the intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Given their impact on human health, Legionella species and the mechanisms responsible for their replication within host cells are often studied in alveolar macrophages, the primary human cell type associated with disease. Despite the potential severity of individual ca...

ORJECI1VE: To evaluate the effect of copper-silver ionization on Legionella colonization and nosocomial legionnaires' disease and to compare the efficacy of metal ions versus the superheat-and-tlush method of disinfection. DESIGN: Prospective determination over a 36-month period of copper and silver ion concentrations in the recirculating hotwater system, Legionella colonization of the hospital...

Legionellae are waterborne bacteria which are capable of causing potentially fatal Legionnaires' disease (LD), as well as Pontiac Fever. Public concern about Legionella exploded following the 1976 outbreak at the American Legion conference in Philadelphia, where 221 attendees contracted pneumonia and 34 died. Since that time, a variety of different control methods and strategies have been devel...

Almost 40 years ago, a large outbreak of pneumonia caused by a previously unidentified agent occurred at a hotel in Philadelphia (PA, USA), affecting 182 persons and causing the death of 29 [1]. All cases had attended a convention of the American Legion, a US wartime veteran service organisation. Both the causative agent of the outbreak and the disease were named after this event: Legionella sp...

The cellular fatty acid composition of Legionella longbeachae was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. As in other Legionella species, the fatty acids of this new species are characterized by relatively large amounts of branched-chain acids.

A strain of Legionella longbeachae (Tucker 1) that was isolated from the postmortem lung tissue of a pneumonia patient was serologically distinct from four other strains of L. longbeachae. The recognition of a second serogroup of L. longbeachae represents the first reported instance of serogroup diversity within a species of Legionella other than L. pneumophila. The disease caused by the Tucker...

We report here the genomic sequence of Legionella pneumophila strain LPE509 from the water distribution system of a hospital in Shanghai, China. This is the first complete genome sequence of an environmental L. pneumophila isolate. Genomic analyses identified approximately 600 genes unique to LPE509 compared to those of the 7 available L. pneumophila genomes.

Legionella pneumophila has been found to be a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in patients who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In many studies, the clinical manifestations for Legionnaires' disease were more severe and the mortality was higher when compared with pneumonias of other etiology. However, this may be due to delay in diagnosis and suboptimal antibiotic thera...

AIMS Stagnation is widely believed to predispose water systems to colonization by Legionella. A model plumbing system was constructed to determine the effect of flow regimes on the presence of Legionella within microbial biofilms. METHODS AND RESULTS The plumbing model contained three parallel pipes where turbulent, laminar and stagnant flow regimes were established. Four sets of experiments ...