Lean mass and areal bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total forearm were measured in 215 volunteer female twin pairs (122 monozygotic, 93 dizygotic), aged 10-26 years, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The study was conducted in Melbourne from 1990 to 1994. Under the classic twin model, there was evidence for a genetic component of variation in bone mineral densi...

BACKGROUND The loss of muscle mass is considered to be a major determinant of strength loss in aging. However, large-scale longitudinal studies examining the association between the loss of mass and strength in older adults are lacking. METHODS Three-year changes in muscle mass and strength were determined in 1880 older adults in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Knee extensor str...

1. The relationship of lean body mass, plasma insulin concentration and leucocyte active sodium transport with basal metabolic rate was investigated in 24 adults with growth hormone deficiency before and after treatment with recombinant human growth hormone and in 10 patients with untreated acromegaly. 2. Based on total-body potassium determined by whole-body 40K counting, patients with acromeg...

INTRODUCTION There are few studies integrating the common causes of osteoporosis and obesity (disorders of body composition). A first step is to investigate correlations between their biological phenotypes to determine their common integrative physiology. OBJECTIVE To correlate the variation of bone mineral density with phenotypes of body composition and biomarkers of bone physiology, insulin...

using this multiplex-PCR assay, suggests that the 22 and 22 alleles are much less common than the 22 allele in these populations (data not shown). These results are in agreement with the findings of Eng et al. (4 ). With the exception of the 22 total deletion spanning .300 kb of the a-globin cluster that was described in a Chinese family (3, 9), this multiplex-PCR assay detects all described So...

BACKGROUND The lean phenotype of cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient homocystinuria and the positive association of plasma total cysteine (tCys) with body mass index (BMI) suggest that total homocysteine (tHcy) and tCys are associated with body composition. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study associations of tCys and tHcy with body composition in the general population. DESIGN Using data from 70...

Loss of lean body mass is a common problem in many post-treatment cancer patients and may negatively affect physical capacity in terms of maximal muscle strength and functional performance. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the scientific evidence on the effect of progressive resistance training on lean body mass in post-treatment cancer patients. A comprehensive literature...

The purpose of this study was to examine visceral fat mass as well as other measures abdominal body composition in National Football League (NFL) players before the start of the season. Three hundred and seventy NFL football players were measured before the start of the season using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Regional fat and lean mass was measured for each player. Players were categoriz...

Ten control (healthy) subjects and 15 non-insulin-dependent diabetics underwent an oral glucose-tolerance test and a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp before and after vitamin E supplementation (900 mg/d for 4 mo). In control subjects (placebo-treated vs vitamin E-supplemented subjects, respectively) vitamin E reduced the area under the curve for glucose (344 +/- 21 vs 287 +/- 13 mmol.L...

Severe thermal injury is associated with hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism, leading to skeletal muscle breakdown, lean body mass loss, weight loss, and negative nitrogen balance. Muscle protein catabolism in patients with severe thermal injury is the result of stress-induced increased release of cytokines and counterregulatory hormones. Coupled with decreased serum anabolic hormone concentrat...