BACKGROUND Plant leaves, as the main photosynthetic organs and the high energy converters among primary producers in terrestrial ecosystems, have attracted significant research attention. Leaf lifespan is an adaptive characteristic formed by plants to obtain the maximum carbon in the long-term adaption process. It determines important functional and structural characteristics exhibited in the e...

India loses thousands of metric tons tomato crop every year due to pests and diseases. Tomato leaf disease is a major issue that causes significant losses farmers possess threat the agriculture sector. Understanding how does an algorithm learn classify different types will help scientist engineers built accurate models for detection. Convolutional neural networks with backpropagation algorithms...