The onset and duration of sleep are thought to be primarily under the control of a homeostatic mechanism affected by previous periods of wake and sleep and a circadian timing mechanism that partitions wake and sleep into different portions of the day and night. The mouse Clock mutation induces pronounced changes in overall circadian organization. We sought to determine whether this genetic disr...

Linear regression analysis was performed ho study the correlation of in vitro carbamoylating activities, alkylating activities, and chemical half-lives with the biological activi lies of six chloroethylnitrosouneas in mice. The biological parameters included the dose resulting in the death of 10% of normal mice (LD,1), anhitumon activity for the L1210 leu kemia system , and myelotoxicity as exp...

The EAT-Lancet Commission has recently proposed a “universal” healthy reference diet. However, no study specifically investigated its possible environmental benefits at the individual level based on observed data. Our objective was therefore to characterize pressures and impacts related of adherence diet among French adults. Dietary data from 264-item FFQ in 29,210 NutriNet-Santé participants (...

Previous studies have shown that the morphology of the neuromuscular junction of the flight motor neuron MN5 in Drosophila melanogaster undergoes daily rhythmical changes, with smaller synaptic boutons during the night, when the fly is resting, than during the day, when the fly is active. With electron microscopy and laser confocal microscopy, we searched for a rhythmic change in synapse number...

A new recursive augmented Lagrangian (AL) algorithm is presented for the module and phase reconstruction of a 3D wave eld from intensity-only measurements on two or more sensor planes at different axial positions. The wave eld reconstruction is framed as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem allowing to involve prior information on a wave eld of interest. The main goal is to design the a...

The distribution of magnetic eld magnitudes is derived for the special case of a constant mean eld and uncorrelated components having Gaussian distributions. Of the three cases considered{ isotropic, transverse, and axisymmetric, the latter most closely resembles a lognormal distribution, when the parallel variance is less than the perpendicular variance. Thus, a normally distributed, non-inter...

Science and engineering research increasingly relies on activities that facilitate research but are not currently rewarded or recognized. This includes the sharing of data; development of common data resources, software and methodologies; and annotation of data and publications. This situation has been documented in a number of recent reports [1, 2] that focus on changing needs and mechanisms f...

Exact inference in large, densely connected probabilistic networks is computationally intractable, and approximate schemes are therefore of great importance. One approach is to use mean eld theory, in which the exact log-likelihood is bounded from below using a simpler approximating distribution. In the standard mean eld theory, the approximating distribution is factorial. We propose instead to...