AIM The aim of this study was to determine the association between periodontitis and the incidence of preterm birth (PB), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) MATERIAL AND METHODS: One thousand and ninety-six women were enrolled. Periodontal data, pregnancy outcome variables and information on other factors that may influence adverse pregnancy outcomes were collected. Data...

Background. This study was done to assess the maternal and sociodemographic factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) babies. Methods. An unmatched case control study was done involving 159 cases (mothers having LBW singleton babies) and 159 controls (mothers having normal birth weight singleton babies). Results. More than 50% of LBW babies were from the mothers with height ≤145 cm while o...

Low birth weight (LBW) individuals exhibit a disproportionately increased, incomplete fatty acid oxidation and a decreased glucose oxidation, compared with normal birth weight (NBW) individuals, and furthermore have an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that changes in amino acid metabolism may occur parallel to alterations in fatty acid and glu...

OBJECTIVE To determine frequency of Low Birth Weight (LBW) at term and to determine frequency of various associated risk factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Layari General Hospital and Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi between January 2007 to July 2008. Women with singleton pregnancy of 37 and above completed weeks were...

Low birth weight (LBW) infants are at elevated risk for adverse developmental outcomes, including impaired cognition. From a public health perspective, interventions designed primarily to prevent and/or secondarily to avert intellectual impairments could have substantial impact on social and fiscal costs associated with LBW. But LBW is a heterogenous condition correlated with demographic, biolo...

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) induced by placental restriction (PR) in the sheep negatively impacts lung and pulmonary surfactant development during fetal life. Using a sheep model of low birth weight (LBW), we found that there was an increase in mRNA expression of surfactant protein (SP)-A, -B and -C in the lung of LBW lambs but no difference in the protein expression of SP-A or -B. L...

Studies indicate that low birthweight (LBW) children display reduced deciduous tooth size but there is little information about permanent tooth size. It has also been shown that dental fluctuating asymmetry (FA) increases in response to various environmental influences, but the relationship between birthweight and FA remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare tooth size and asymmetry...

The study aimed at identifying and quantifying determinants of low birth weight (LBW) by following a community based prospective cohort of pregnant women in 45 villages in Pune district. In the 1922 live births born to mothers without a chronic illness, in whom birth weight was available within 24 hours, the cumulative incidence of LBW (< 2500 g) was 29%. The unadjusted relative risks for LBW w...

BACKGROUND Epigenetic studies have shown that low-birth-weight (LBW) and growth restriction has been associated with reduced immune function in humans and reduced passive immunity in pigs. To examine the immune responses of high-birth-weight (HBW) and LBW groups of pigs, influenza A virus infection was used as an exemplifier of neonatal respiratory disease. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this s...

The cardiac insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R) can induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in a heterotrimeric G protein receptor-coupled manner involving αq (Gαq) or αs (Gαs). We have previously shown increased left ventricular weight and cardiac IGF-2 and IGF-2R gene expression in low-birth-weight (LBW) compared with average-birth-weight (ABW) lambs. Here, we have investigated the cardia...