Aims and objectives: This study investigates the acquisition of referential expressions for direct objects by child heritage speakers Polish living in Germany. Our main research questions are how object expression develops bilingual children whether their path or pace differs from monolingual children. Methodology: We investigate use an elicited production task. In all, 39 Polish-German partici...

Aims and objectives: Code-switching calquing are two widespread language contact phenomena in bilingual speech. While both have been discussed extensively research on the past decades, only very few studies systematically investigate code-switching of within multiword units or constructions. In our contribution, we aim at developing a more differentiated account constructions, bringing together...

I was fascinated when came to know that there is “Arabic” spoken in Cyprus, which aroused several questions me as how this language into existence, it now, what changes its linguistic modules take place due contact with other languages, status now is, etc. This article, thus, aims investigate these questions, focusing mainly on Cypriot Arabic (CyA) deviates from Mainstream (MA) varieties all a ...

This paper discusses the emergence of a hortative marker in Guaraché, new mixed language Paraguay, result mixing Indigenous Aché and Paraguayan Guaraní. After settlement on reservations, formerly nomadic hunter-gatherers began shifting to national Guaraní, resulting which is currently learned by children as their first language. Guaraché speakers have incorporated parts lexicon morphology from ...

"Pedagogical language contact" as the main concept of sociolinguistics has a narrow and broad interpretation. When term pedagogical contact is read in sense, function means communication performed not only by two independent languages, but also dialects within same language. That is, speaker-addressee listener-addressees are persons belonging to different national In addition, pedagogue through...