We consider knowledge representation (KR) formalisms as collections of finite knowledge bases with a model-theoretic semantics. In this setting, we show that for every KR formalism there is a formalism that characterizes strong equivalence in the original formalism, that is unique up to isomorphism and that has a model theory similar to classical logic.

Thermodynamics connects our knowledge of the world to capability manipulate and thus control it. This crucial role is exemplified by third law thermodynamics, Nernst's unattainability principle, which states that infinite resources are required cool a system absolute zero temperature. But what these how should they be utilized? And does this relate Landauer's principle famously information ther...

We report spin filtration operation considering an antiferromagnetic helix system, possessing zero net magnetization. Common wisdom suggests that for such a spin-polarized current is no longer available from beam of unpolarized electrons. But, once we apply electric field perpendicular to the axis, large separation between up and down energy channels takes place which yields high degree polariz...

Ionic liquids enable efficient gating of materials with nanoscale morphology due to the formation a double layer that can also follow strongly vaulted surfaces. On carbon nanotubes, this lead cylindrical gate layer, allowing an ideal control drain current even at small voltages. In work, we apply ionic liquid chirality-sorted (9, 8) nanotubes bridging metallic electrodes gap sizes 20 nm and 10 ...

By establishing a relation between information erasure and continuous phase transitions we generalize the Landauer bound to analog computing systems. The entropy production per degree of freedom during erasure of an analog variable (reset to standard value) is given by the logarithm of the configurational volume measured in units of its minimal quantum. As a consequence, every computation has t...

We establish well-defined limits in which the time-dependent electronic currents across a molecular junction subject to a fluctuating environment can be quantitatively captured via the Landauer steady-state approximation. For this, we calculate the exact time-dependent non-equilibrium Green's function (TD-NEGF) current along a model two-site molecular junction, in which the site energies are su...

This article discusses the concept of information and its intimate relationship with physics. After an introduction of all the necessary quantum mechanical and information theoretical concepts we analyse Landauer’ s principle which states that the erasure of information is inevitably accompanied by the generation of heat. We employ this principle to rederive a number of results in classical and...