[1] The inhibition of biogenic isoprene emission by elevated CO2 as observed in many plant taxa may significantly alter the sensitivity of air quality to global changes. We use a one-way coupled modeling framework to perform simulations under various combinations of 2000 to 2050 changes in climate, natural vegetation, anthropogenic emissions and land use to examine the effect of the CO2-isopren...

• Effect of CO 2-isoprene interaction on air quality by year 2050 is simulated 17 • CO 2-isoprene interaction reduces ozone and aerosol sensitivity to climate 18 • Human land use change will become a key driver for future air quality 19 20 Abstract 21 The inhibition of biogenic isoprene emission by elevated CO 2 as observed in 22 many plant taxa may significantly alter the sensitivity of air qu...

The emerging new satellite technologies enabling earth observation at a spatial resolution of 0.6m or even 0.41m together with powerful and high speed computing and processing capabilities have brought revolutionary changes in the field of GIS-based cadastral land information system. The high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI) is showing its usefulness for cadastral surveys due to which tradit...

BACKGROUND Linking animal movements to landscape features is critical to identify factors that shape the spatial behaviour of animals. Habitat selection is led by behavioural decisions and is shaped by the environment, therefore the landscape is crucial for the analysis. Land cover classification based on ground survey and remote sensing data sets are an established approach to define landscape...

Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) have helped shape the genomes of land plants, and recent evidence suggests that the genomes of all angiosperms have experienced at least two ancient WGDs. In plants, WGDs often are followed by rapid fractionation, in which many homeologous gene copies are lost. Thus, it can be extremely difficult to identify, let alone characterize, ancient WGDs. In this study, ...

Assessing environmental effects of shelter forests is primarily necessary for realizing their greatest protective benefits. The Three-North Shelter Forest Program (TNSFP), the largest ecological afforestation program in the world, has been operated for three decades in China but so far lacks comprehensive assessment of its environmental impacts. Horqin Sandy Land (HSL) in Northeast China is one...

The multivariate normal density is a monotonic function of the distance to the mean, and its ellipsoidal shape is due to the underlying Euclidean metric. We suggest to replace this metric with a locally adaptive, smoothly changing (Riemannian) metric that favors regions of high local density. The resulting locally adaptive normal distribution (LAND) is a generalization of the normal distributio...

The distinguishing feature of chronic poverty is extended duration in absolute poverty. Therefore, chronically poor people always, or usually, live below a poverty line, which is normally defined in terms of a money indicator (e.g. consumption, income, etc.), but could also be defined in terms of wider or subjective aspects of deprivation. This is different from the transitorily poor, who move ...

Characterizing biophysical changes in land change areas over large regions with short and noisy multivariate time series and multiple temporal parameters remains a challenging task. Most studies focus on detection rather than the characterization, i.e., the manner by which surface state variables are altered by the process of changes. In this study, a procedure is presented to extract and chara...