Viral infection depends on a complex interplay between host and viral factors. Here, we link host susceptibility to viral infection to a network encompassing sulfur metabolism, tRNA modification, competitive binding, and programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF). We first demonstrate that the iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli exerts a protective effect during lambda ph...

Here we describe a simple approach to fabricate robust three-dimensional periodic porous nanostructures inside the microchannels. In this approach, the colloidal crystals were first grown inside the microchannel using an evaporation-assisted self-assembly process. Then the void spaces among the colloidal crystals were filled with epoxy-based negative tone photoresist. After subsequent developme...

A phage directing the synthesis of an abundant 45-kD Treponema pallidum surface protein was isolated from an EMBL-4 bacteriophage lambda library of T. pallidum DNA. The recombinant phage was identified using an mAb that was directed toward an immunodominant, outer envelope T. pallidum protein designated P6. The recombinant P6 protein possessed the same mol mass as the native treponemal antigen ...

21 is a temperate lambdoid coliphage, and the genes that encode the head proteins of lambda and 21 are descended from a common ancestral bacteriophage. The sequencing of terminase genes 1 and 2 of 21 was completed, along with that of a segment at the right end of 21 DNA that includes the R4 sequence. The R4 sequence, a site that is likely involved in termination of DNA packaging, was found to b...

HE chromosome of temperate bacteriophage lambda consists of three functionally distinct regions of approximately equal size. The right arm contains the genes for regulation (EISEN et al. 1966), DNA synthesis (JOYNER et al. 1966) and cell lysis (HARRIS (et al. 1967). The central portion of the h DNA molecule is concerned with the processes of prophage integration (KELLENBERGER, ZICHICHI and WEIG...

A system for construction of E. coli strains with multiple DNA insertions in the chromosome, based on elements of modules for site specific recombination of Tn1545 and phage lambda, has been developed. Circular non-replicating DNA fragments containing the transposon attachment site (attTn), an excisable cassette with a selectable marker, and a gene of interest integrate randomly into the chromo...

Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of cell extracts from induced bacteriophage lambda lysogens probed with S-protein-specific antibody (raised against an S--beta-galactosidase fusion protein) demonstrated that the bacteriophage lambda S protein begins to appear 10 min after phage induction and is localized to the inner membrane at all times during the lytic cycle. Between 100 and 1,000 molecule...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES DNA ladder contains DNA fragments of different length but with known size, used to determine the size of unknown DNA molecules. Different DNA ladders are available for expected DNA length. Conserved sequences were selected for design of primers to generate DNA fragments of known specific size. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we describe a method by which DNA lad...

Six of seven hfl mutations of Escherichia coli K12, characterized by high frequencies of lysogenization by phage lambda and lambdacIII mutants, are shown to be tightly linked to, but not within, the purA locus. All six hfl mutations are recessive to wild type in hfl(+)/hfl merodiploids and all lie in a single complementation group, located just counterclockwise from the purA locus. All six muta...

To study the effect of intron size on splicing efficiency we have varied the size of the avian leukosis virus (ALV) env mRNA intron in a cloned ALV genome. This was accomplished by deletion of ALV sequences or insertion of phage lambda DNA. The effect of these modifications on splicing was analyzed by microinjection of the modified clones into RSV(-) chicken cells. Viral env mRNA when transcrib...