Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is capable of noninvasively measuring blood flow by magnetically tagging the protons in arterial blood, which has been conventionally achieved using instantaneous (PASL) or continuous (CASL) RF pulses. As an intermediate method, pseudocontinuous ASL (pCASL) utilizes a train of discrete RF pulses to mimic continuous tagging that is often unavailable on imagers due to...

Dynamic lot sizing problem is one of the significant problem in industrial units and it has been considered by  many researchers. Considering the quantity discount in  purchasing cost is one of the important and practical assumptions in the field of inventory control models and it has been less focused in terms of stochastic version of dynamic lot sizing problem. In  this paper, stochastic dyn...

Introduction: One of the primary questions in central nervous system drug development is to identify brain regions with preferential affinity for drug action. Traditionally, information about site-specificity of drug action is drawn from animal (mostly rodent) models. Translational studies expand these findings to human drug research with costly clinical trials based on a-priori assumptions abo...

PURPOSE To compare basal retinal and cerebral blood flow (BF) values using continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) MRI and fluorescent microspheres. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 41 animals were used. BF was measured using an established microsphere technique (a mixture of 2.5 million 8 μm green and 0.5 million 10 μm blue fluorescent microspheres) and CASL MRI blood flow measurement in th...

When alfalfa (Medicago sativa 1. cv Apica) plants grown at room temperature are transferred to 2'C, the temperature at which 50% of the plants fail to survive (LISo) decreases from -6 to -14'C during the first 2 weeks but then increases to -9'C during the subsequent 2 weeks. However, when plants are kept for 2 weeks at 2°C and then transferred to -2°C for another two weeks, the LTm declines to ...

Overt stroke, clinically "silent" cerebral infarct, and neurocognitive impairment are frequent complications of sickle cell anemia (SCA). Current imaging techniques have limited sensitivity and specificity to identify children at risk for neurocognitive impairment. We prospectively evaluated 24 children with SCA with a neurologic exam, complete blood count, transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD)...

In this paper, we develop a testing theory for specification-based software product line development. Starting with a framework for the evaluation of test cases with respect to formal specifications, we develop a notion of enhancement, which allows to re-use test cases in a horizontal systems development process. In such a process, more and more features are added to an existing software produc...

INTRODUCTION In arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI of cerebral blood flow (CBF), pair-wise subtraction of adjacent non-labeled and labeled images often could not achieve complete cancellation of the background static tissue signal because of temporally fluctuating physiological noise. While background suppression (BS) by inversion nulling has been shown to improve CBF temporal stability (1–5), im...